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In May 1998 Craig Venter founded Celera Genomics, with Applera Corporation (Applied Biosystems) in Rockville, Maryland, to sequence and assemble the human genome.
Discussions between Celera and the HGP began as early as December 1998, but the international consortium—which insisted that gene discoveries should remain in the public realm—clashed with Celera's plans to acquire patents on its gene discoveries.
Seachrist, Lisa, "Celera Completes Dropsophila Sequence; Starts Human Effort," Bioworld Today , September 10, 1999.
Now, Let's See Some Profits," Business Week , February 26, 2000.
The imbroglio between the public and private ventures first erupted publicly in March 2000 when discussions were still underway to jointly pool their data and publish results.
In June 2000, with the two sides putting aside their differences and racing to a draw, Celera and the public consortium held a much publicized ceremony at the White House in which they announced the simultaneous completion of a rough draft of the human genetic code.
In November 2000, PE Corporation changed its name to Applera Corporation and announced the appointment of Kathy Ordonez, formerly with healthcare giant F. Hoffmann La Roche & Co., to create the molecular diagnostics business that would later become known as Celera Diagnostics.
"Rockville, Md.—Based Biotechnology Company Expands Operation," Washington Times , November 15, 2000.
Originally led by the maverick scientist J. Craig Venter, Celera's race with the Human Genome Project ended in a sort of tie announced at a White House ceremony in 2000.
In 2001, Celera achieved more milestones in publishing its human genome paper in the premiere journal Science , receiving a $21 million NIH grant to sequence the rat genome, and completing the mapping of the genetic code of the mouse, the single important test organism in medical research.
Celera's revenue peaked at $121 million in the fiscal year that ended June 2002.
In 2002 Smith became scientific director at the Institute for Biological Energy Alternatives (IBEA) in Maryland.
In 2006 TIGR and IBEA were merged with several other centres to form the J. Craig Venter Institute, where Smith became leader of the synthetic biology and bioenergy research group.
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| Company name | Founded date | Revenue | Employee size | Job openings |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| New England Biolabs | 1974 | $43.0M | 350 | 2 |
| 454 Life Sciences | 2005 | $19.4M | 100 | - |
| PacBio | 2004 | $154.0M | 400 | 16 |
| HHMI | 1953 | $2.4B | 1,507 | 33 |
| Ludwig Cancer Research | 1971 | $95.8M | 281 | - |
| Broad Institute | 2003 | $451.4M | 2,876 | 4 |
| HYCOR Biomedical | 1981 | $6.6M | 147 | 5 |
| American Association for Cancer Research | 1907 | $78.9M | 2 | 13 |
| Immunalysis | 1976 | $17.0M | 30 | - |
| Neogen | 1982 | $924.2M | 1,764 | 107 |
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