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Chemical engineering internship job growth summary. After extensive research, interviews, and analysis, Zippia's data science team found that:
The projected chemical engineering internship job growth rate is 14% from 2018-2028.
About 3,700 new jobs for chemical engineering interns are projected over the next decade.
Chemical engineering internship salaries have increased 10% for chemical engineering interns in the last 5 years.
There are over 15,095 chemical engineering interns currently employed in the United States.
There are 99,481 active chemical engineering internship job openings in the US.
The average chemical engineering internship salary is $76,041.
| Year | # of jobs | % of population |
|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 15,095 | 0.00% |
| 2020 | 16,087 | 0.00% |
| 2019 | 18,803 | 0.01% |
| 2018 | 20,014 | 0.01% |
| 2017 | 20,913 | 0.01% |
| Year | Avg. salary | Hourly rate | % Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2026 | $76,041 | $36.56 | --0.2% |
| 2025 | $76,202 | $36.64 | +3.7% |
| 2024 | $73,498 | $35.34 | +2.7% |
| 2023 | $71,572 | $34.41 | +3.9% |
| 2022 | $68,895 | $33.12 | +1.0% |
| Rank | State | Population | # of jobs | Employment/ 1000ppl |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | District of Columbia | 693,972 | 217 | 31% |
| 2 | Delaware | 961,939 | 214 | 22% |
| 3 | North Dakota | 755,393 | 161 | 21% |
| 4 | Massachusetts | 6,859,819 | 1,389 | 20% |
| 5 | Oregon | 4,142,776 | 776 | 19% |
| 6 | New Hampshire | 1,342,795 | 258 | 19% |
| 7 | Utah | 3,101,833 | 559 | 18% |
| 8 | Rhode Island | 1,059,639 | 191 | 18% |
| 9 | Alaska | 739,795 | 123 | 17% |
| 10 | Washington | 7,405,743 | 1,167 | 16% |
| 11 | Colorado | 5,607,154 | 871 | 16% |
| 12 | Montana | 1,050,493 | 165 | 16% |
| 13 | Wyoming | 579,315 | 93 | 16% |
| 14 | Virginia | 8,470,020 | 1,255 | 15% |
| 15 | Minnesota | 5,576,606 | 811 | 15% |
| 16 | Iowa | 3,145,711 | 472 | 15% |
| 17 | Connecticut | 3,588,184 | 499 | 14% |
| 18 | Nebraska | 1,920,076 | 263 | 14% |
| 19 | Idaho | 1,716,943 | 246 | 14% |
| 20 | South Dakota | 869,666 | 118 | 14% |
| Rank | City | # of jobs | Employment/ 1000ppl | Avg. salary |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Harvey | 1 | 4% | $65,209 |
| 2 | Mason City | 1 | 4% | $69,855 |
| 3 | Madison Heights | 1 | 3% | $65,336 |
| 4 | Lansing | 2 | 2% | $64,580 |
| 5 | Hartford | 1 | 1% | $58,549 |
| 6 | Huntsville | 1 | 1% | $65,595 |
| 7 | Sacramento | 1 | 0% | $78,511 |
| 8 | Saint Paul | 1 | 0% | $76,390 |
Manhattan College
University of New Mexico
San Jose State University
Texas A&M University - Kingsville
Oklahoma State University

Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

Tuskegee University
Arizona State University

Missouri University of Science & Technology
San Jose State University

Dillard University
University of Utah
Hampton University

University of Louisiana at Lafayette

Stonehill College
The University of Tennessee - Chattanooga

Lincoln University of Missouri
Lipscomb University
West Virginia State University
Richard Carbonaro Ph.D., P.E.: At the start of your career, there is a range of starting salaries for 'entry-level' chemical engineers. However, some sectors within chemical engineering such as petrochemicals and energy tend to be on the higher end of this range. Do the proper research to find the sector that is the right fit for you both in terms of compensation and work that you will enjoy. Once you are working in the industry, you can increase your salary more quickly by acquiring an advanced degree such as a Master's or getting additional training through certificate programs. Be aware of the opportunities for additional training at your company and through professional organizations such as American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChe). Demonstrate to your supervisors that you are willing to learn, work hard, and be efficient to increase the chances of getting promotions and merit-based wage increases.
Richard Carbonaro Ph.D., P.E.: The field of chemical engineering has always been evolving and expanding beyond the traditional oil and gas industry where it got its start in the late 1800's. I expect that it will continue to do so. The future of our field will likely put a greater emphasis on green chemistry and sustainability (i.e. energy efficiency, renewable energy and energy storage), and biotechnologies (i.e. biosynthesis of small molecules, production of biomaterials). With the development and availability of AI, additional work is needed to figure out how to apply it to chemical engineering problems. It has great potential to help us optimize chemical processes and provide assistance in the design process.
Richard Carbonaro Ph.D., P.E.: The transition from university to the workforce can be daunting. The first month or two may be difficult, so anticipate challenges. Trust that your training in chemical engineering has provided you the knowledge you need to succeed. But, expect to learn a lot of job-specific skills that you were never taught in school.
Jamie Gomez: Chemical engineers are instrumental in designing processes that produce a wide array of products across industries such as pharmaceuticals, energy, food and beverages, and materials science. They engage in both research and development (R&D;) to innovate new products and applied engineering to refine existing processes. By leveraging data analysis software and machine learning, they enhance efficiency and validate processes through advanced modeling. They also ensure safety and regulatory compliance using cutting-edge monitoring systems and predictive analytics. Collaborating with cross-functional teams, chemical engineers foster innovation, embrace diverse perspectives, and solve complex problems effectively. For those new to the field, the initial focus is on comprehensive training and learning, often guided by experienced engineers. New chemical engineers support senior engineers with data collection, preliminary analysis, and documentation, gaining invaluable hands-on experience with laboratory equipment and industrial processes. This foundational experience is crucial for honing essential skills such as process design, data analysis, project management, teamwork, and effective communication with diverse audiences, all of which are applicable to any project in their career.
Jamie Gomez: Chemical engineering is a compelling field to enter now because of its critical role in advancing renewable energy and promoting the green economy. Chemical engineers lead the charge in developing sustainable technologies, such as green ammonia for eco-friendly fertilizers and sustainable aviation fuels (SAF) to reduce the aviation industry's carbon footprint. They are key players in driving innovations toward achieving net-zero carbon emissions, working on projects that minimize environmental impact and champion sustainable industrial practices. It is a profession that offers substantial opportunities to make a positive impact on both the environment and society.
Jamie Gomez: Chemical engineers thrive on tackling complex problems and embracing diverse projects, which offer ample opportunities for innovation and career growth. Their work profoundly impacts society, particularly in advancing sustainable technologies. However, the profession can be demanding, with high workloads, regulatory hurdles, and safety challenges. Ethical considerations must also be carefully balanced with industrial growth. Senior chemical engineering students transitioning from capstone design projects often find the experience stressful but invaluable. These projects mirror real-world engineering scenarios and equip them with practical skills like problem-solving, collaboration, innovation, and adaptability. Additionally, they gain an understanding of the economic aspects of engineering projects, learning to assess cost-effectiveness and financial feasibility. These competencies are crucial for career success, offering versatility and a wide range of professional opportunities.
J. Richard Elliott Professor Emeritus: The lovely thing about deciding to major in chemical engineering is that it is the “undecision.” Chemical engineering degree-holders can be (patent) lawyers, doctors (it has the highest admission RATE of any major), petroleum producers and refiners, corrosion specialists, polymer processors, cancer researchers, machine learning engineers for additive manufacturing (3D printing), computer chipmakers, cancer researchers, CEOs, professors, wastewater bioengineers, food engineers, ... There are probably many more but this is just off the top of my head. About the admission RATE to med school, CHEs don’t apply if they aren’t pretty sure they’ll get in because they have so many other options. The RATE is the fraction of those who apply who get in. About 45% of Biomed engineers go to med school and 45% go to grad school. The number of Biomeds may be more, but their RATE is only ~50%. Running petroleum refineries (for gasoline, Exxon, BP, Shell…) and chemical production plants (for ethylene, ethanol-gasohol, … Dow, Dupont, BASF, Lubrizol…) are probably the most obvious careers, but they represent maybe only 50% of where CHEs go nowadays. Many UA CHEs get the corrosion specialization and work for oil companies but also work for the Dept of Defense. There was a glut of CHEs in the early 80s when Reagan shut down Carter’s clean fuel initiative. That glut sent CHEs scurrying into many fields and they have kept their fingers in all these pies. In Akron Ohio, polymer companies like PolyOne, Goodyear (and other tire companies), AL Shulman, ... pick up about 25% of UAs graduates. Smucker’s in Orrville also picks up a steady number who become food engineers. My wife started with BP in tertiary oil recovery (briefly, using “soap” to wash the oil of rocks deep in the ground). Then she worked with Ferro to develop a smart washing machine that would synthesize peroxide bleach on the spot. Then she worked for a company that makes non-skid strips for showers and stairs and skateboards. She ended her career working for the largest bottle-grade polyester company in the world, trying to solve the polyester recycle problem. My oldest daughter did her PhD-CHE developing a diagnostic for pre-eclampsia that cut false positives in half. Her post-doc was focused on auto-immune diseases and now she works in the front office of a CA “unicorn” as the associate director of business development. My younger daughter started her career exploring arthritis as an auto-immune disease then she worked for Caribou (one of Doudna’s startups) working on allogeneic CAR T-cell technology using CRISPR-CAS9. Then she worked on similar cancer treatments with natural killer cells and autologous CAR T-cell therapy. My son-in-law is a PhD CHE working on machine learning at LLNL (he met my older daughter in grad school). Computer chips are manufactured by a process involving chemical vapor deposition, polymeric photoresists, and chemical etching; all are chemical engineering processes. Gordon Moore of “Moore’s law” was a CHE. Many CEOs of companies like Exxon, Dow, etc have been CHEs. One of my best (CHE) friends has developed a process to enhance wastewater treatment to perform 5x more treatment in the same volume. The digestion of sewage involves bacteria, making It more properly a biochemical engineering problem, not a civil engineering problem.
J. Richard Elliott Professor Emeritus: It’s always a good time to major in CHE because the broad background makes it feasible to pivot into whatever field is in demand when you expect to graduate.
J. Richard Elliott Professor Emeritus: Of course, the salary is always near the top of engineering majors so that’s easy to like. Opportunities for co-op/intern study are also attractive. My oldest daughter chose it because she couldn't be sure about biology or bio-CHE. By choosing the “undecision,” she got the best of all worlds and landed right where she wanted. The downside is that it really is a lot of work. Just the regular major suffices to get a minor in chemistry and a minor in math. If you do the bio-specialization too, it’s almost like a quadruple major. It’s not for the faint of heart. And when you’re done, you’re likely to use only about 10% of what you learned in earning the degree. The problem is that it’s a different 10% for every graduate.
Christopher Lew: Chemical engineers work on a variety of tasks such as process design, energy innovation, green chemistry, circular economy, environmental engineering, materials science, biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, biomedical engineering, data science, computational fluid dynamics, molecular modeling, and hazard analysis and risk assessment. They address complex challenges across industries and contribute to technological advancements and sustainability efforts.
Christopher Lew: Chemical engineering is a multidisciplinary, technology-driven field that offers a broad set of skills and knowledge. Graduates have many career opportunities to choose from in various industries. The profession is dynamic, well-compensated, and allows for success and growth.
Christopher Lew: People like the broad range of career opportunities, the ability to address complex challenges, and the potential for success and growth in various fields. Dislikes may include the complexity of the field and the varied responsibilities that require a unique way of thinking and problem-solving.
Martin Sentmanat Ph.D.: Because of the highly versatile toolbox of skills that Chemical Engineers are inherently equipped with, they are capable of developing game-changing technologies at scales that will impact societies around the planet. For example, when it comes to sustainability, over the past few years, the largest polymer manufacturers have been investing heavily in developing advanced recycling technologies with the goal of making the polymer industry a more circular economy.
Martin Sentmanat Ph.D.: My basic advice to students is to keep their options open and to be as adaptable as possible. Because of the breadth and depth of technical acumen that is acquired during their academic formation, Chemical Engineers are represented in a broad spectrum of industries from management consulting to semiconductors to energy and just about every industry in between. As a matter of fact, our students often have more than one job offer when it comes time for graduation.
Martin Sentmanat Ph.D.: My best advice for students looking to maximize their salary potential is to focus on two key attributes: 1) work experience, and 2) communication skills. Students that have work experience from engineering internships tend to have the easiest time landing offers for permanent positions upon graduation.
Roger Tiemann: The careers available to Chemistry degree holders are wide and vast. They can run the gamut from teaching, water treatment, pharmacologist, geochemist, materials scientist, forensic scientist, oceanographer, chemical technician to chemical engineer. There are other career paths for chemistry grads, too. Such careers include accountant, actuarial sciences, policy makers, and consultants. They can expect to earn anywhere from $34,000.00 a year to $100,000.00 per year upon obtaining an undergraduate degree. As always, the potential to earn more is directly related to the higher your education and we encourage more people to pursue a PhD or Masters in Chemistry.

Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology
Department of Chemical Engineering
Kimberly Henthorn: All chemical engineers must be excellent at math and problem solving, but in today's world, having experience with programming, data analytics, or statistics will really strengthen your resume.
Kimberly Henthorn: Being good at the technical stuff is important, but being able to effectively communicate is just as critical. Both oral and written communication skills are necessary in order to explain to others what your work means. You also have to be able to work with a team; chemical engineers rarely work alone, so knowing how to work with people in other disciplines to get the job done is important.
Kimberly Henthorn: Math and problem solving is at the heart of being a good chemical engineer.
Kimberly Henthorn: I think being well-rounded is more important than being really good at just one thing. Showing that you are good at academics is only one element of being a good employee. You have to be good at communication, be personable, have a curious and creative mind, and work well in a team. Being involved in leadership opportunities and extracurriculars (both at school/work and in the community) are a great way to show well-roundedness.

Tuskegee University
Chemistry, and Material Science Engineering Faculty
Dr. Michael Curry Ph.D.: -Able to work in team environments
-Excellent critical thinker
-Able to make critical data evaluations and interpretations and process adjustments
-Strong background in chemical processes
-Excellent communicator (writing, talking, reading)
-Strong problem-solving capabilities
-Excellent project manager
-Independent thinker
-Self-starter
Dr. Michael Curry Ph.D.: Excellent critical thinker.
Dr. Michael Curry Ph.D.: Strong background in chemical processes.
Dr. Michael Curry Ph.D.: Able to make critical data evaluations and interpretations and process adjustments.
Arizona State University
School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy
David Nielsen Ph.D.: Relevant real-world experience (i.e., internships); computational skills like programming; statistical analysis.
David Nielsen Ph.D.: Communication, teamwork, decision-making.
David Nielsen Ph.D.: Strong fundamental understandings of mass and energy balances, as well as thermodynamics; data analysis.
David Nielsen Ph.D.: The biggest differentiator is probably the sector that one enters, but enhancing leadership and business skills will help one rise to a more lucrative management position most quickly.

Missouri University of Science & Technology
Linda & Bipin Doshi Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering
Christi Patton Luks: Teamwork and communication skills are key! Everything is done with a team. You may be the expert on the process side of the project, but you need to have great communications with the mechanical team, the financial team, and those in operations. Everyone has a slightly different skill set and point of view, so it is critical that you make your concerns clear to the rest of the team, no matter their background. Another helpful soft skill is the ability to work with people from other cultures. Many companies are multinational, or their clients are in different countries. It can be tricky to set up a time to meet as a group when dealing with multiple time zones, but the cultural issues can also be daunting. The best way to build those skills is to get to know people of different backgrounds. A friend whose parents were born in Country X or has done a lot of travel can be incredibly helpful in warning you of cultural pitfalls.
Christi Patton Luks: We teach a lot of facts and theories. All of those are useful, but really the ability to problem solve and pull together the different things you've learned is what makes the difference. When I worked in the industry, I may not have solved a differential equation, but I had solved enough problems in school that I could recognize when the patterns I was seeing in real life had the correct trends. If the trend wasn't what I expected, I got to dig deeper to figure out why. Curiosity and a desire to dig deeper to solve a problem really help.
Christi Patton Luks: Frankly, your GPA may be the biggest driver for your first job out of college. A high GPA gets a lot of attention, but you'll need work experience and activities to convert that into a job offer. If your GPA isn't great, then those extracurricular activities and internships will be what lands you that job. The key is to tell a story about what you got out of each of those experiences. When I was interviewing for my first job, I think I got more interest in the fact that I had helped to organize a local preliminary competition to Miss America than anything else. I hadn't competed! I had just organized the production of the show. I spent just a few weeks working on that project, but it was unusual and demonstrated leadership and organization, and teamwork.
David Wagner: This pandemic will only endure if graduates allow it to continue to impair themselves. There is no question that the switch to online schooling has changed higher education, but I see positive outcomes every week of educators changing their methods so that students can learn in better ways. This also highlights the importance of soft skills and the ability to market yourself. The first assignment for my senior capstone students every year is to submit a resume so that they always have one on-hand if a good job comes their way. In short, there will always be a need for engineers, but it is up to the student or graduate to synthesize their skills and hone them in order to get their dream job; however, there will likely be some non-dream jobs along the way.
David Wagner: Simply put, some of the best jobs out of college are the ones that pay. That is to say, not everyone is offered a paid job with benefits upon graduating. Some contracting work is typically involved, which can be on a short-term basis and work into a long-term or permanent position. A good job is when you, as the employee, and your employer are mutually benefitted from your presence. If you feel welcome at work, then you’ll do a better job; it is that simple for some graduates. If, however, you want to move up from technician to engineer to manager to executive, or anywhere in between, then a good job will allow this ascension. On the other hand, being your own boss is a great job as well as long as you are disciplined enough to do so. Ultimately, there is a cost-benefit analysis you will have to perform, either consciously or subconsciously, as to what you define a good job and what obligations you have upon graduation.
David Wagner: I see graduates benefit the most when they learn skills, apply those skills, and communicate how those skills helped them. While this is much easier said than done and it can be time-consuming to learn skills in addition to your education, there is absolutely no substitute for a person that has accrued knowledge and its application and then knows how to use it to their benefit. Certifications, learning badges, project applications, and even letters of recommendation convey to people that you know aspects of your discipline well and can apply them to other disciplines and jobs seamlessly. Skills get you hired; success gets you promoted; you get yourself paid.

Dillard University
Department of Chemistry
Lovell Agwaramgbo Ph.D.: There may be a short term, negative impact of COVID-19 on graduates with respect to employment, emotional drain, and experiences. The severity of these depend on how soon the pandemic is contained, how quickly the economy recovers, and when the hiring freeze is lifted. Unfortunately, graduates will be impacted differently. Graduates with social network, resources, and right skills will find jobs and adapt faster than their counterparts with skills not sought after. Those with experience in computer and data science, information, and other technology related areas will find employment easier. Graduates who majored in areas that require face to face skills such as chemistry, where experiments require personal interaction with chemicals and analysis tools, would be affected more than those who can work from remote sites. For us, it was essential that we expose our students to the needed hands-on experiences, skills and techniques in chemistry. To maintain social distancing our laboratory occupancy dropped to 50% or less in order for us to have face to face laboratory activities.
At Dillard University, the pandemic metaphorically moved our good old sweet cheese (as in the fable “who moved my cheese”? by Spencer Johnson) and imposed on us Zoom, Google Meet, Canvas, Pronto and other different learning platforms. Like Scurry and Sniff, we tried to find new cheese source with the hope of finding opportunity, satisfaction, collaboration, engagement, and creativity in those new teaching and learning platforms. Similarly, graduates who take inventory of their skills and knowledge but also have passion, determination, discipline and strong work ethic will always find ways to overcome any shortcomings posed by the pandemic. Zoom job interviews and meetings and hybrid work schedule models will be lasting impacts of the pandemic. However, like Hem and Hall, graduates who find it difficult to adapt and see opportunity in such a change will feel betrayed, disappointed, lost, and probably depressed.
The pandemic created hardship for everyone including the graduates and industries alike, but it also created new opportunities. In the February edition of the chemical and engineering news, it was reported that employment for those with bachelor’s degree was lowest in 2020 due to the pandemic as many industries initiated hiring freeze. Thus, with the current employment for new graduates dips southbound from pre-pandemic level, I recommend that graduates should consider graduate education or certification in areas that will add value to their skills, employability and earning potential as options. Certainly, the clouds of the pandemic will soon clear and the sun will shine again for those who are prepared.
Lovell Agwaramgbo Ph.D.: The certifications/licensures and courses that can have the biggest impact on job prospects are degree dependent. In STEM fields, technology was an engine that kept afloat many sectors during the pandemic. For non-technology-oriented science majors, getting certified in coding, Phython, etc., will increase a student’s skill set and job prospects. For a chemist, certification in coding, analytical tools (HPLC, GCMS, AA, and NMR), computational chemistry, bioinformatics, and water remediation and management will guarantee employment.
Students should consider getting a certification in an interdisciplinary area within their field of study that proved to be relevant during the pandemic.
We have been discussing majors of growth potential with the Hanover Group and based on their recommendations we are in the incubation stages of developing new but relevant majors, built-in minors and certifications; particularly those that are interdisciplinary in nature.
Lovell Agwaramgbo Ph.D.: Earning potential is commensurate with expertise, skills, and experience. Acquisition of additional field-related skills will add value to one’s resume and thus increase employability and earning potential. Employers appreciate and reward candidates who display initiative, imagination, and creativity in solving problems with clarity, relevance, and logic. It is conventionally understood that those with higher degrees tend to make more income. A chemist with a doctorate degree earns between twenty to thirty thousand dollars more than a bachelor degree holder. Thus, I encourage my students to enroll in doctorate programs or pipeline programs with the goal of earning a doctorate to increase employability and earning potential. Furthermore, as I have stated earlier, acquisition of additional skills, especially in technical and cross discipline skills and experiences will increase earning potential.
Anthony Butterfield: I think the pandemic has taught all of us new tricks and we've overcome the activation barrier to working and meeting remotely. I think the new engineering workplace will be one in which the physical location matter even less. This, of course, means the list of possible employers may grow for graduates who wish to remain in their hometown, but so will the competition for those positions that allow remote work.
Anthony Butterfield: For many engineers, the workplace has always required strict adherence to safe procedures and the use of proper PPE. The pandemic has brought such requirements out of our laboratories and plant floors and into our office spaces, but I feel any employee at a company with a health safety culture will easily adapt to these new restrictions. The most striking difference for the typical workday is the absence of in-person meetings and the limitations on socializing with coworkers outside of work. Most seasoned engineers know their career has been helped significantly through a mentor or friend in the workplace. I think the pandemic makes giving attention to the human aspects of an engineering workplace all the more important, even if they have to be done through a screen.
Anthony Butterfield: I would say the skills that stand out in an interview and early on in someone's career would be:
-Strong conceptual understanding of core engineering concepts. Knowing the exact form of, say, the fluid dynamics equation you need to use is less important than having a reflexive understanding of the relationship between pressure and flowrate. You can look up exact equations quickly, but foundational conceptual understanding of the physics needs to be at the ready.
-The ability to apply their technical understanding to innovate. Many students will graduate with the same ability to code, and the same understanding from core engineering courses. The skill that will bring extraordinary value to your workplace is the ability to creatively apply that knowledge.
-The ability to quickly and flexibly pick up new technical skills. People want new employees who are able to quickly pin down the gaps in their understanding, seek out the resources they need to connect it to what they do know, and then assimilate that new skill or concept into their work.
Jerald Dumas: Those students who successfully navigate their engineering coursework and other extracurricular actives during the coronavirus pandemic would have displayed endurance, adaptably, and management skills, skill sets that will endure beyond the pandemic. During this remote period of learning, students have been required to enhance their time management skills as they cannot physically interact with professors or classmates. They experience obstacles such as engagement with parties in different time zones or social environments. The coronavirus pandemic has accelerated their maturity as it relates to such skill sets.
Jerald Dumas: The coronavirus pandemic has truly illustrated the need for effective communication both within and outside various entities. More specifically for engineers, the ability to communicate technical concepts across all platforms (e.g., video conferencing, e-mail, etc.) will be critical as the coronavirus pandemic has highlighted the effectiveness of such platforms to conduct business.
Jerald Dumas: Student experience that demonstrates creativity and innovation stands out on resumes. Such activities could include an engaging research experience, involvement in entrepreneurship, or participation on a design team.

Thomas Junk Ph.D.: The most obvious consequence is a decline in the oil field sector, which used to employ many chemists. This is very noticeable in our area (Lafayette and its vicinity). As a result of this decline, the job market for chemists has dropped from very good to fair. However, most other chemistry jobs have been stable, and our students can still find industrial positions. A major sector for employment has been QA/QC-type lab work. This has not changed because chemistry is not as strongly affected by Covid as many other sectors of our economy are. Fundamentally, the jobs and types of skills needed have not changed very much (except for niche sectors such as oil field and transportation-related products). The cheap oil and gas have provided a boost to industries that depend on affordable petrochemicals (e.g., polymers).
Thomas Junk Ph.D.: It is advisable to gain as much experience as possible, such as an internship. Graduates will usually get some help from their former home departments by way of contact names and referrals, but few take advantage of that. If there is no better option, even volunteer work can help. Of course, the closer the work is related to the student's future career path, the better. Another option is to return to college for an M.S. degree. One year already gets you halfway there, and a degree that provides you with specialized skills is well worth it. In practice, most graduate students in science and engineering find academic scholarships, so it doesn't have to cost you anything. Since most students change institutions for graduate school, their circle of friends and contacts drastically increases.
Thomas Junk Ph.D.: While this may not exactly answer your question, it is very important to start making connections and to network WELL BEFORE graduation. Internships, volunteer work, membership in professional organizations, leadership activities all help to land a job after graduation. It is very important to continue networking as much as possible. The only true job security is the ability to find another job - it is truly liberating because it enables you to say "no" to your boss, if necessary. Also, I noticed that many graduates do not take advantage of all possible avenues to find employers. It is important to have a good web presence and to sign up on sites such as LinkedIn.
I also highly recommend cultivating ties to one's former institution and college friends. Often, job openings are filled by word of mouth: companies looking for somebody with a specific skill set ask around. A company contacted me for the name of somebody I could recommend for a specific job, but I came to find out that the contact information that I had of the person I wanted to recommend was no longer valid.
It is important to have specific career goals. Many recent graduates and fresh hires let their careers "drift" and have no idea where they want to be ten years from now. Also, always keep looking for jobs! Few jobs are so good that it is impossible to find a better one.
Marilena Hall Ph.D.: Our graduates tend to do very well in securing chemistry-related jobs in the workforce or enrolling at prestigious graduate programs. We saw no difference for our 2020 graduates during the first few months of the pandemic. What will happen in 2021 remains to be seen, but if jobs and programs in chemistry and biochemistry hold firm, we expect to see our students' same successes.
Unlike in other sectors, much laboratory work has been able to continue even with physical distancing requirements, as many laboratories are spacious. Where we have seen more pronounced effects of the pandemic, we expect the situation to be temporary. For example, during the early months of quarantine, some students in graduate programs were asked to stay away from the lab and work on literature searching and writing at home, which may have delayed some progress toward completing graduate school by a few months.
Upon returning to the bench, some labs have employed staggered schedules to ensure safe distances between lab workers, which, although inconvenient concerning work/life balance, have allowed lab work to resume close to the normal pace. I wouldn't expect too many long-term consequences once physical distancing is no longer necessary.
Marilena Hall Ph.D.: Along with the obvious scientific knowledge in one's field such as chemistry or biochemistry, practical laboratory experience is key. The pandemic has caused many institutions to teach online or virtual labs. While arguably better than nothing, a virtual lab cannot approach the educational benefit of in-person, hands-on laboratory experience. We drew a line in the sand for organic chemistry and upper-level chemistry labs: they have to be hands-on. When we send our graduates forth from our program, we can assure that they come with the best laboratory training possible, even during the pandemic.
Other extremely important skills are the ability to read and analyze the chemical and biochemical literature and to present the research of oneself or others to an audience of peers. Significant practice engaging with and presenting scientific literature comes through seminar courses with high faculty/student ratios. Fortunately, these courses have been able to proceed with the added element of learning how to effectively present in an online format such as Zoom.
Marilena Hall Ph.D.: Perhaps the most impressive thing a science graduate can have on their resume is an immersive research experience, in which they were responsible for their own project (advised by a faculty member or supervisor). This experience not only allows the student to stand out among others, but it provides great talking points during an interview. What better to talk about than an original research project in which one has been intimately involved?
The pandemic did limit the summer 2020 research experiences that we normally would have been able to provide to our chemistry and biochemistry majors, and 2021 is still up in the air. But we are actively working to ensure that students perform independent research as much as possible during the 2020-2021 academic year in order to provide this opportunity for all our majors.
Dr. Bradley Harris Ph.D.: "In terms of positive impact, I hope that students will graduate with a better sense of the information and technology available to them in the internet age. Faced with the loss of easy access to their professors and other campus resources, they've had to find reliable online sources, watch tutorials, and converse with students across the nation and globe in online communities.
I honestly believed that they would graduate with the same knowledge and skillset in terms of negative impact as in previous years. The legacy of getting a degree during a pandemic will likely be a lower GPA, which could be a factor in securing future employment. I've remarked often this year that the top 2% of students can succeed in any course format. The borderline B and C students have struggled, becoming more like marginal C and D students, due to the challenges posed by learning via hybrid and online modalities."
Dr. Bradley Harris Ph.D.: All chemical engineering students, and engineering students in general, will enter the workforce with a robust problem-solving skill set and a strong background in math and science. But to be truly successful, they will also need to have soft skills (e.g., oral and written communication, teamwork, leadership). And as the world trends toward a higher degree of reliance on computer technology and pursues cleaner, sustainable industries, young graduates will also need experience in coding languages, cellular and molecular biology, etc., to succeed.
Dr. Bradley Harris Ph.D.: I always tell my students that any experience at all will help their resume stand out. Many students seem to think that graduating with an engineering degree and a high GPA will be enough to secure gainful employment. This is not the case, and graduates need to demonstrate other qualities to stand out during the hiring process. Internship and co-op opportunities, particularly those of long enough duration to indicate completion of an independent project, are a must. Students also need to be aware that other options are just as valuable, however. For example, wet-lab experience in a faculty research lab also stands out. They hold a leadership position in a student organization with demonstrable success in organizing community outreach and professional development activities.

Lincoln University of Missouri
Department of Science, Technology and Mathematics
Vianney Gimenez-Pinto Ph.D: "This pandemic has highlighted the importance of science and technology in our everyday lives. This virus impacts the whole world. Fulfilling humanity's desire for ""going back to normal"" depends on Covid-19 related research, including the development of vaccines, therapeutics, epidemiology models, etc. Simultaneously, technology developments have allowed our society to endure restrictions and continue functioning online, remotely, and with minimal contact.
I am an incurable optimist, so I expect an increase in the demand for STEM professionals in all sectors and an investment increase in science and technology."
Vianney Gimenez-Pinto Ph.D:
Physicists are valued for their abstraction, mathematical reasoning, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills. However, I would not recommend spelling those out in a resume as they are embedded already in the major. A robust undergraduate resume should have research experiences, either based in their home-university or as an REU (Research Experience for Undergraduates) program in another institution. Also, it should include conference presentations and internships. Those show the candidate's ability to apply the before-mentioned skills successfully.
If we must point out skills: Coding, common languages include (but are not limited to) Java, C/C++ and Python; Mathematical Modeling; and Experimental Design.
Vianney Gimenez-Pinto Ph.D: For a Physics Major interested in research, a straightforward option is to continue working towards a graduate degree (either a Master's or a Ph.D.), obtaining work as a Graduate Research Assistant. The physics community is highly committed to maintaining a well-functioning science and research system in the US. As I mentioned before, Science and Technology are the keys to overcome this crisis. Thus, I cannot imagine that the pandemic will reduce students' opportunities to pursue graduate studies and research. If it does, I expect a collective push to keep science moving forward, rain or shine.
A scientist with completed graduate studies has a variety of available work opportunities both in industry and academia. Graduate school teaches cutting-edge science and requires the student to contribute to the body of scientific knowledge. However, succeeding also involves various soft skills such as project management, resilience, teamwork, unique organizations, science communication skills, etc.
In industry and technology development, STEM Ph.D. s (Physics Included) are valuable due to these soft skills in combination with mathematical reasoning, problem-solving, and critical thinking. In academia, this skill-combo also make them the force behind US scientific discovery and innovation. STEM Ph.D. s can also find jobs as editors for scientific journals, science writers and communicators, scientific consultants, science policy advisors, program managers of science education and diversity initiatives, among others.
Still, a Physics Major does not need to get a graduate degree to get rewarding employment in this economy. A Physics Bachelor's degree can open the door to a science teaching career at the high-school level or work as a professional science tutor. Physics Bachelors can also work as laboratory technicians, code developers, data scientists, science communicators, among other career paths. Last but not least, a Physics Bachelor can start his own tech company and flourish as an entrepreneur.
Lipscomb University
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
Steve Opoku-Duah Ph.D.:
This is a hard question to answer. Who knows tomorrow? But I think there will be some enduring impact. What I am not certain of is the magnitude. There is not a single individual who has not suffered loss because of the COVID-19 pandemic at this present time. Nations, cities, families, individuals, jobs, and academic institutions have all been badly hit, and recovery is expected to be slow and painful.
Academic institutions like Lipscomb University created innovative strategies that have resulted in a good mix of in-person instruction and virtual learning. Still, we have experienced significant adverse impacts at the chemistry department, including inadequate faculty-student contact and Zoom virtual meetings, diminished laboratory hands-on work, and reduced collaborative learning.
Steve Opoku-Duah Ph.D.: Chemistry is a highly analytical and problem-solving discipline with strong connections with everyday human social problems, industry, and the environment. I expect chemistry graduates to develop robust analytical and critical thinking skills, competence in problem-solving, and adaptability at their workplaces.
Steve Opoku-Duah Ph.D.: A chemistry graduate's resume must list his/her achievements in project management, scientific research, internships, published writings, and public presentation.
West Virginia State University
Dr. Micheal Fultz: This might come as a surprise, but what stands out isn't necessarily chemistry experience. This isn't universally true, but in some research groups/internships, the students are glorified bottle washers. This is often a topic of discussion during the interview process, just to see what the experience consisted of. Holding a position like a shift supervisor at a restaurant illustrates a lot of leadership skills, especially of people who aren't your peer group. And it tends to illustrate the ability to balance a whole bunch of responsibilities. The resume needs to demonstrate what are core competencies (respect, teamwork, customer focus, innovation) and should be clearly demonstrated in the resume.
Dr. Micheal Fultz: I think industry and academia will continue to use more remote meetings, the ability to monitor processes and instrumentation from everywhere, AND the expectation your job is more than 40 hours a week. More meetings may be scheduled at the convenience of everyone, which includes evenings.
Dr. Micheal Fultz: There's likely to be a lack of students with hands-on experience from internships and similar experiences. As students have gotten accustomed to virtual classrooms and working remotely, there could be some expectation that this is allowed in the professional realm, which will be dependent on the company they work for on whether that is possible.