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Year | # Of Jobs | % Of Population |
---|---|---|
2021 | 3,109 | 0.00% |
2020 | 2,969 | 0.00% |
2019 | 2,871 | 0.00% |
2018 | 2,631 | 0.00% |
2017 | 2,443 | 0.00% |
Year | Avg. Salary | Hourly Rate | % Change |
---|---|---|---|
2025 | $106,104 | $51.01 | +3.4% |
2024 | $102,608 | $49.33 | +2.3% |
2023 | $100,285 | $48.21 | +3.4% |
2022 | $97,023 | $46.65 | +2.4% |
2021 | $94,753 | $45.55 | +1.1% |
Rank | State | Population | # of Jobs | Employment/ 1000ppl |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | District of Columbia | 693,972 | 504 | 73% |
2 | Massachusetts | 6,859,819 | 1,684 | 25% |
3 | Maryland | 6,052,177 | 1,516 | 25% |
4 | Delaware | 961,939 | 241 | 25% |
5 | New Hampshire | 1,342,795 | 292 | 22% |
6 | Virginia | 8,470,020 | 1,789 | 21% |
7 | South Dakota | 869,666 | 184 | 21% |
8 | North Dakota | 755,393 | 155 | 21% |
9 | New Jersey | 9,005,644 | 1,845 | 20% |
10 | Alaska | 739,795 | 148 | 20% |
11 | Vermont | 623,657 | 123 | 20% |
12 | Connecticut | 3,588,184 | 678 | 19% |
13 | Montana | 1,050,493 | 197 | 19% |
14 | North Carolina | 10,273,419 | 1,788 | 17% |
15 | Washington | 7,405,743 | 1,222 | 17% |
16 | Minnesota | 5,576,606 | 947 | 17% |
17 | Rhode Island | 1,059,639 | 180 | 17% |
18 | Illinois | 12,802,023 | 2,023 | 16% |
19 | Colorado | 5,607,154 | 877 | 16% |
20 | Utah | 3,101,833 | 510 | 16% |
Rank | City | # of Jobs | Employment/ 1000ppl | Avg. Salary |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Annapolis | 44 | 112% | $87,537 |
2 | Menlo Park | 35 | 103% | $129,412 |
3 | Lansing | 36 | 31% | $81,273 |
4 | Hartford | 33 | 27% | $88,948 |
5 | Topeka | 30 | 24% | $75,070 |
6 | Atlanta | 74 | 16% | $78,389 |
7 | Des Moines | 35 | 16% | $75,535 |
8 | Boston | 97 | 14% | $94,169 |
9 | Baton Rouge | 28 | 12% | $76,818 |
10 | Washington | 76 | 11% | $89,632 |
11 | Urban Honolulu | 32 | 9% | $66,638 |
12 | San Francisco | 71 | 8% | $129,854 |
13 | Sacramento | 31 | 6% | $128,969 |
14 | Denver | 34 | 5% | $80,120 |
15 | Indianapolis | 34 | 4% | $76,371 |
16 | Chicago | 52 | 2% | $83,084 |
17 | Phoenix | 30 | 2% | $89,897 |
18 | New York | 55 | 1% | $99,006 |
19 | Los Angeles | 29 | 1% | $117,736 |
Earlham College
Kennesaw State University
University of California - Davis
Mississippi College
Ohio State University
Montclair State University
University of Illinois at Chicago
Adelphi University
University of Maryland - College Park
San Francisco State University
Dina Abudaih: Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) are going to be of the upmost importance. With advancements in AI technologies , proficiency in machine learning algorithms, deep learning , and language processing are going to be very valuable skills to possess.
Cybersecurity will also be crucial as cyber threats evolve. Cybersecurity measures such as threat detection encryption, and secure software development will be in dire need. Another skill that will become more prevalent will be the Internet of Things (IoT). IoT devices will certainly become more prevalent, skill in managing IoT systems , as well as understanding IoT security and privacy concerns, will be crucial.
Dina Abudaih: Some general advice I would give a graduate beginning their career would be to focus on continuous learning, which is especially important in any technoloy related field. Networking, seeking mentorship, and embracing challenges as opportunities arise are also very important. Many recent graduates are overwhelmed and terrified of entering their fields, but they must know that it is normal to feel this way and avoiding opportunities to ease these feelings will only create setbacks.
Dina Abudaih: Acquiring in-demand skills, staying up to date with the latest technologies and trends in the industry will boost earning potential. Focusing on acquiring skills in areas such as AI, machine learning, data science , cyber security, cloud computing, and blockchain, because these fields generally offer higher-paying opportunities. Pursuing higher education and certifications is also a great way to maximize one's salary potential and don't forget to negotiate your salary, focusing on the value you bring to the company. You will be surprised how much more you can earn by negotiating.
Yipeng Yang: Logic and critical thinking, mathematical modeling, computer programming, data analytics, and communication.
Yipeng Yang: Get to know clearly the job duties quickly. Make good connections with colleagues and listen to their advices.
Yipeng Yang: Enhance problem-solving ability. Keep learning and improving new skills in your field.
Joseph Spivey: I’d start by becoming as knowledgeable as possible about the salaries of people in jobs you are interested in. Compare salaries for open positions; you may be able to use your knowledge as leverage to ask for more money. When you interview, ask not just about starting salary but about how raises and promotions are handled. I wish that I had learned some basic negotiation principles when I started my career. I’d recommend the book Getting to Yes: Negotiating Agreement Without Giving In.
Joseph Spivey: I think technology, especially artificial intelligence, provide increasingly important tools. Mathematics graduates will need to understand how to use technology in all kinds of new ways to improve their output and efficiency. Math graduates will need to be able to identify the best technological tools for a given task and critically interpret the output. As with most technological tools, people will be best served by using technology to augment, rather than replace, their efforts.
Joseph Spivey: My first piece of advice is to recognize that you have achieved something hard and worthwhile by completing a mathematics major. There are not many people on this planet who have the knowledge and skills that you have developed! By completing a math major, you have proven that you have excellent critical thinking and problem-solving skills, and these abilities and confidence in your abilities will pay off. I also think it’s worthwhile to identify a mentor early on who can help guide you to be successful.
Dr. Partha Sengupta: Data processing and data science have a rapid growth in job market about 35% which is faster in growth than any other streams of Computer Science. Data is the new petroleum of the modern age. Data storage and management in cloud-based infrastructure, understanding data storage in relational and non-relational databases and secure catching configuration, global accessibility and collaboration of data, data privacy and security, preprocessing and using advanced algorithms to analyze data is the current and future requirement. You are going to take center stage in all other end software applications which will need a robust and secure data workflow for successful implementation of the process.
Dr. Partha Sengupta: Skills of data privacy like anonymization, aggregation, user-centric privacy control, homomorphic encryption, and federated learning algorithms. Database security that protects the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of an organization. Using adaptive security systems in this field is very important for automation of data storage and accessibility. Understanding data privacy laws like General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) used in Europe, USA laws like California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) etc. and more cybersecurity laws and ethics to evolve in the future for dynamic nature of data workflow, such that the students understand compliance with myriads of data protection regulations as per individual country, continents, and global data protection and privacy laws. Students should also be aware of quantum computing mechanisms and post-quantum encryption process. Another important aspect is edge computing which involves data processing at the edge, real-time decision-making, optimized data transmission, distributed architecture, and scalability and flexibility. Understanding A.I. models used in multimodal learning process like audio, video, images, 3D maps, natural language processing (NLP) and deep learning algorithms, generative transformer models which correlated relation between words in a sentence using a technique called self-attention, local training of data using A.I models in a distributive network called Federated learning.
Dr. Partha Sengupta: Fit to jobs like Data Controllers and Data Processors understanding both USA and International data privacy and protection laws, implementing data protection into system and processes, auditing, authentication, and access control. Creators of robust and secured databases and recommender systems using collaborative, content, hybrid and contextual filtering. One such example is Deep Learning Recommendation Learning (DLRM). Data storage, processability and usage in edge computing in IoT devices including personalized chatbots. Running A.I. (AIoT), analytics, and other business capabilities on IoT devices, consolidate edge data at scale and eliminate data silos, deploy manage and help secure edge workloads remotely, optimize the costs of running edge solutions, and enable devices to react faster to local changes. Handling data related to medical instruments, medical chatbots, and usage of A.I for data analytics in application of telemedicine, diagnosis accuracy, and medical laboratories. Medical data analytics of A.I application in mental health disorders (MHD) and medical image classification. Another important aspect of genetic data and the application of A.I on it. Language Model architectures using human language data, deep learning algorithms, and application of generative transformers
Dr. Michael Zhang: In the coming years, turning data into insights and driving business innovation and success is the new compass.
Dr. Michael Zhang: Don’t worry about your job title. Regardless of what you do, prepare yourself with data and modeling skills and hands-on experience in applying knowledge for developing, evaluating, refining and implementing analytics solutions to your career.
Dr. Michael Zhang: All your study at University is a solid foundation of the bridge between theory and practice. Don’t be afraid of failure, be open-minded, keep learning and adapting to new challenges.
Dr. Devin Rafferty PhD: In three to five years most of the data scientists will have programmed themselves out of employment, which we're really already starting to see the acceleration of. However, there is one skill that is essentially timeless and will remain so, which is the ability to coherently integrate multiple aspects of interdisciplinary information in an uncertain environment to form a hypothesis about the future and then assign a level of confidence to that statement.
Dr. Devin Rafferty PhD: By far, the biggest thing that I would emphasize to recent graduates is to *never* underestimate the value of showing up early, being prepared to work (which means having read, analyzed, and synthesized all of the required documents), and having a smile on their face. If you can do that consistently, you'll always be way ahead of the curve.
Dr. Devin Rafferty PhD: Read anything and everything, especially history. There is an enormous value that someone can gain simply from understanding how different disciplines fit together, because the real-world is not segmented into sociology, politics, economics, etc.; rather it is all one dynamic system. For example, when students ask me what they should really focus on reading to prepare for their careers, I usually respond by asking what *exactly* will be their careers in fifteen years--which is frequently met with indecision. The point is that one should not tailor their knowledge and skill sets to an expected career; rather, just the opposite, one should learn *everything* that the brain can absorb and then the skill sets needed for the career will already be there--and obtaining promotions will be fairly straightforward.
Cornelius Nelan Prof.: I would say that it is a good idea to visit the career placement center in your school to get help writing a resume. When you apply, write a cover letter that is specifically tailored to the job description and explain how you would uniquely be qualified for the position. Do some research into the company and explain why you are interested in the job.
Cornelius Nelan Prof.: Advanced topics are gravy, you should be grounded in the basics: Precalculus skills (especially trigonometry and algebra), Calculus, and Linear Algebra. It is also good to have a background in statistics, and computer science (Learn a computer language, such as Java.) Given the job market today, you should be somewhat familiar with Data Science and AI. If you have time take some business (especially Finance) classes. It is also important to be able to work in group settings. An important skill is your ability to communicate (orally and in writing) to mathematicians but also to non-mathematicians. If you can find a professor who is willing to supervise (and give credit for) some independent research project, do so. It is important to demonstrate that you can work independently (do literature searches, work problems out for yourself). Include this in your resume. It would also be good to get some experience tutoring mathematics (to non-majors or majors). Again, this demonstrates your ability to communicate.
Cornelius Nelan Prof.: Emphasize your ability to learn mathematics independently, and work with groups. In your cover letter emphasize your ability to grow and adapt to the job you are applying for. Even after you find a job, keep looking; something better may come up.
Dr. Ali Fridley Ph.D.: Networking skills and the ability to build relationships are paramount. Be a lifelong student. Learn from those around you, especially those you admire. Know your strengths and use them. On the other hand, understand your weaknesses and surround yourself with people who are skilled in those areas.
Dr. Ali Fridley Ph.D.: I believe there is a growing need for employees skilled in analytics and artificial intelligence. Understanding not only how, but also when it is appropriate to use it will be extremely important.
Dr. Ali Fridley Ph.D.: To be honest, when starting out in an entry-level position, there is not a lot of room for salary negotiation.
Earlham College
Drama/Theatre Arts And Stagecraft
Mr. Brian Zimmerman III: An emerging trend in my particular field is deep-sequencing or "big data" analysis. Many techniques that investigate the identities, regulation, and networks of biological molecules are high-throughput, meaning they generate huge quantities of data that require specialized programs and training to analyze. Developing a background in bioinformatics, data literacy, programming, or computer science will definitely make a student highly marketable and sought after when on the job market. There are several online and in-person courses, workshops, and webinars to learn about these techniques and the accompanying data analysis; I encourage recent graduates or soon-to-be graduates to explore these opportunities as these skills are transferrable to several disciplines and career paths.
Dr. Yeol Huh: Avoid falling for the myth of adopting technology just for its own sake. Although it's tempting to experiment with the latest innovations, your approach should be grounded in fundamentals. Begin by defining the goals or outcomes you wish to achieve, and consider relevant theories that guide your approach.
Dr. Yeol Huh: Pursuing certification programs in data analytics and AI fundamentals, offered by organizations like Google or Microsoft, can be beneficial before starting your career. Additionally, securing an internship to gain firsthand experience in the field can significantly enhance your salary potential. Lastly, developing an electronic portfolio where you can compile the works you have done and showcase your skills and knowledge can be an extra help.
Dr. Yeol Huh: Data literacy is undoubtedly one of the most crucial skills in the field today. Understanding how to identify, collect, analyze data, and make data-driven decisions will be key competencies in the next 3-5 years. This will increasingly include AI literacy, enabling you to identify and apply appropriate AI technologies to your specific contexts.
Yubei Chen: In addition to the emerging AI tools, I feel data skill is also going to be important. AI models are trained on massive data. How to prepare, curate large-scale high-quality data will become an important trade.
Yubei Chen: When there is a new technology, there is usually a shift in job opportunities. I think it is increasingly more important for the young generations to learn how to use the emerging AI tools to efficiently accomplish their jobs, for example coding copilot, chatGPT, generative models, etc.
Yubei Chen: Try to play with AI tools. AI as a generic technology is moving very fast. This is a unique opportunity for the young generation. In addition to the problem-solving ability, please also improve your information curation skills.
Ross Weatherman Ph.D.: Being able to communicate effectively, whether it is in-person or remotely, is still probably the most important skill for any graduate, but as more work is being split up among sites, the ability to add value to those more delocalized work environments is really important. Also, the ability to handle big data sets and the awareness of how best to visualize and explain these types of large data sets will become more important.
Taylor Poe Ph.D.: Remember to problem solve creatively just as you did in your coursework. The critical thinking and problem-solving skills you learned will be continually tested in whatever field you go into from your math degree. Also remember the benefits of collaborating with colleagues both in the field and in other disciplines.
Taylor Poe Ph.D.: Data analysis is certainly a growing field, and we cannot deny the benefits of having some programming skills. The ability to communicate and work with others will open doors to bigger projects.
Taylor Poe Ph.D.: Sell the strengths that set you apart and be willing to continue learning new skills and areas.
Tim Scales: I would advise a graduate beginning their career in the field to focus on building a strong network, continuously learning and adapting to new technologies and trends, and seeking mentorship from experienced professionals in the industry.
Tim Scales: To maximize salary potential when starting a career in the field, it's important to negotiate effectively, demonstrate value through performance, seek out opportunities for advancement and additional responsibilities, and continuously invest in improving skills and knowledge relevant to the industry.
Tim Scales: In the next 3-5 years, I believe skills such as data analysis, digital marketing, and adaptability to changing market conditions will become increasingly important and prevalent in the field.
Ohio State University
Astronomy And Astrophysics
Professor Todd Thompson: Depending on the positions applied for, it is beneficial to do lots of “coding interview practice” and general interview practice. There are resources for learning algorithms and the types of questions asked in the technical parts of interviews. Separate from that, one should have a webpage (e.g., github) potentially with active coding projects. Separate from that, one should have a linkedin page and work to develop contacts at various companies. Contacts can help you get past the initial triage phase for a job and to the interview stage. Networking.
Professor Todd Thompson: There is a big obvious shift towards AI/ML-enabled data discovery. Regardless of sub-field, students should develop proficiency with general data science tools and they should keep up on new developments in AI/ML (e.g., Pytorch).
Professor Todd Thompson: Work hard. Be curious. Develop microskills associated with your science projects, but also the macroskills needed to develop and lead projects: question-asking, conceptualization, data interrogation, reading and writing.
Tanesha Thomas PhD: In addition to the career options mentioned above, a degree in sociology prepares students for modern careers such as data analytics. Data analysts, data scientists and data engineers are in high demand across a variety of industries around the world. Businesses and other organizations are increasingly using data to give them better insight into their practices and shape strategies. Data analysis uses the latest technological tools to identify patterns and inform decision making. Sociologists with careers in data analytics can work in healthcare, education, advertising, consulting and a variety of other businesses.
University of Illinois at Chicago
Medical Illustration And Informatics
Spyros Kitsiou Ph.D.: In terms of hard skills: Data analytics, Machine learning and artificial intelligence techniques, Mobile health informatics. In terms of soft skills: Problem-solving, Motivation and drive driven by curiosity, Communication skills.
Spyros Kitsiou Ph.D.: By targeting positions that align with your background and expertise and by adjusting aspects of your CV and cover letter to highlight your skills and competencies in relation to the position you are applying for. Also, by negotiating your salary and providing justification as to why you deserve more than the initial offer. Do your research and talk to people to gain a better understanding of what is the salary range of the position you are applying.
Dr. Shana Caro: Graduates can maximize their salary potential by finding jobs that suit their own strengths, and writing a convincing cover letter that tells hiring managers just how much value they can add to the company. They can also research starting salaries in their chosen career, and negotiate their salaries based on that evidence. Graduates can also consider moving to areas with higher paying jobs. Finally, graduates should consider and ask what criteria their bosses will use when evaluating their work output; essentially, they should find out what matters most to the company or boss, and work hardest on those metrics. There has also been a tension between the graduates' desire for remote work and companies' preference for in-person work. Graduates should consider flexibility in their working arrangements, since how happy your supervisors are with you may determine whether you get raises and promotions. Putting in face time can help you stand out in an increasingly remote world.
Dr. Shana Caro: Graduates beginning their careers should always think about their personal growth and strengths. When picking a career, consider what your strengths are. If you are good at computer programming, pick a career like software design. If you are good at translating complex scientific results into clear English, pick a career like data sciences, sales for a biotech company, or medical writing. In every job, have goals for the skills you want to develop and work on those. Find a mentor in your work who can help you accomplish those.
Dr. Shana Caro: In the next 3-5 years, graduates will want to have a mix of hard and soft skills. As AI and LLMs become more powerful and prevalent, being able to use these new tools effectively will be incredibly helpful in a variety of industries. Coming up with the right prompts to direct these models is a high-level skill that takes practice. In data science jobs, which Biological and Physical Science majors would excel at, basic computer programming in any language, data visualization, and understanding A-B testing will be important. The value-add of graduates in these majors is frequently that they can translate mathematical results into business insights in plain English and clear data visualizations. Additionally, graduates will also have to focus on their soft skills -- especially communicating with their managers and teammates in a professional and effective manner. Finally, flexibility is a key soft skill in any field. Graduates should be able to take criticism and improve their work, and be excited to learn new technical skills.
Sean Cao: Data analytics skills, critical thinking and problem-solving skills, and communication skills will become more important and prevalent in the next few years. Acquiring these skills positions students to gain a competitive edge in the era of AI.
Sean Cao: Acquiring in-demand skills and expanding institutional knowledge through industry experience can maximize salary potential at the beginning of your career. First, enhancing these skills through certifications, internships, and active involvement in pertinent projects can significantly boost your attractiveness to employers. Moreover, obtaining industry experience via internships provides invaluable practical knowledge and insights. Furthermore, networking within your industry can provide access to mentorship, recommendations, and insider information crucial for maximizing earning potential. Last, delving deeply into understanding your industry and specializing in niche areas can elevate your salary prospects.
Sean Cao: First, enhancing proficiency in data analytics is important for accounting students aiming to excel in today's data-rich financial environment. It is imperative that students can effectively use advanced data analytics tools to analyze both quantitative and qualitative data, such as 10-K, 8-K, and ESG disclosures. By leveraging analytical tools to identify patterns, trends, and anomalies within financial data, students can transform complex information into actionable insights. This ability not only facilitates informed decision-making but also distinguishes individuals as indispensable assets within any organization. Second, cultivating critical thinking and problem-solving skills. The ability to think critically and solve problems creatively is particularly important in the age of AI. As AI technologies increasingly automate routine tasks, the unique human ability to think critically, evaluate complex situations, and generate innovative solutions becomes more valuable than ever. In addition, strengthening effective communication skills. In an era where technology frequently facilitates interactions, the capacity to articulate ideas clearly and convincingly, both verbally and in writing, is important. Enhancing communication skills contributes to better collaboration with colleagues and management, ensuring that your ideas and contributions are duly recognized and appreciated.
San Francisco State University
Registered Nursing, Nursing Administration, Nursing Research And Clinical Nursing
Dr. Bob Patterson DNP, MSN, RN: I would advise graduates starting their career in the field to focus on continuous learning, networking, and gaining practical experience. It's essential to stay updated with the latest trends and technologies in the field to remain competitive.
Dr. Bob Patterson DNP, MSN, RN: In the next 3-5 years, skills such as data analysis, digital literacy, and intercultural communication will become increasingly important in the field. Employers are looking for candidates who can adapt to rapidly changing environments and work effectively with diverse teams.
Dr. Bob Patterson DNP, MSN, RN: To maximize your salary potential when starting your career in the field, it's crucial to negotiate your starting salary based on your qualifications, experience, and the market demand for your skills. Additionally, pursuing advanced certifications and specializations can increase your earning potential in the long run.