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| Year | # of jobs | % of population |
|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 600 | 0.00% |
| 2020 | 602 | 0.00% |
| 2019 | 609 | 0.00% |
| 2018 | 591 | 0.00% |
| 2017 | 578 | 0.00% |
| Year | Avg. salary | Hourly rate | % Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2026 | $47,273 | $22.73 | +2.6% |
| 2025 | $46,089 | $22.16 | +3.9% |
| 2024 | $44,367 | $21.33 | +1.9% |
| 2023 | $43,539 | $20.93 | +4.1% |
| 2022 | $41,817 | $20.10 | +3.2% |
| Rank | State | Population | # of jobs | Employment/ 1000ppl |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Kansas | 2,913,123 | 541 | 19% |
| 2 | Delaware | 961,939 | 174 | 18% |
| 3 | North Dakota | 755,393 | 137 | 18% |
| 4 | District of Columbia | 693,972 | 118 | 17% |
| 5 | New Mexico | 2,088,070 | 335 | 16% |
| 6 | Arkansas | 3,004,279 | 440 | 15% |
| 7 | South Dakota | 869,666 | 118 | 14% |
| 8 | Idaho | 1,716,943 | 217 | 13% |
| 9 | Alabama | 4,874,747 | 531 | 11% |
| 10 | Oklahoma | 3,930,864 | 429 | 11% |
| 11 | Alaska | 739,795 | 82 | 11% |
| 12 | Massachusetts | 6,859,819 | 701 | 10% |
| 13 | Vermont | 623,657 | 48 | 8% |
| 14 | Virginia | 8,470,020 | 552 | 7% |
| 15 | New Hampshire | 1,342,795 | 92 | 7% |
| 16 | Montana | 1,050,493 | 77 | 7% |
| 17 | Maryland | 6,052,177 | 375 | 6% |
| 18 | Minnesota | 5,576,606 | 322 | 6% |
| 19 | Rhode Island | 1,059,639 | 67 | 6% |
| 20 | Wyoming | 579,315 | 32 | 6% |
| Rank | City | # of jobs | Employment/ 1000ppl | Avg. salary |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | East Lansing | 4 | 8% | $48,703 |
| 2 | Fairbanks | 1 | 3% | $48,359 |
| 3 | Santa Cruz | 1 | 2% | $61,567 |
| 4 | Fort Collins | 2 | 1% | $46,856 |
| 5 | Cambridge | 1 | 1% | $45,460 |
| 6 | Dearborn | 1 | 1% | $48,836 |
| 7 | Lawrence | 1 | 1% | $43,024 |
| 8 | Salt Lake City | 1 | 1% | $43,980 |
| 9 | Atlanta | 2 | 0% | $40,530 |
| 10 | Aurora | 1 | 0% | $46,774 |
| 11 | Glendale | 1 | 0% | $48,321 |
| 12 | Riverside | 1 | 0% | $56,524 |
| 13 | Rochester | 1 | 0% | $50,177 |
| 14 | Saint Petersburg | 1 | 0% | $47,448 |
| 15 | Washington | 1 | 0% | $54,652 |
Plymouth State University

Saint Xavier University

Winona State University

Brigham Young University
Grand Valley State University

Rider University

Fontbonne University
Winona State University
Metropolitan State University of Denver

University of North Texas

Felician University
Aquinas College

Carlow University

Seattle University

East Tennessee State University

Committee on the Status of Women in Astronomy - CSWA

The USA Hockey Foundation
Pacific Lutheran University

Hartwick College

Boston University
Plymouth State University
Outdoor Education
Christian Bisson Ed.D.: The normal path for increasing one's salary in the field of outdoor adventure education or recreation, is to quickly accumulate a lot of good field experience, let say 100 weeks of field work within 3 to 4 years, then start seeking promotions within a good organization or send applications to other companies/schools/organizations offering management or administrative leadership positions.
Christian Bisson Ed.D.: It seems that in the near future, the use of modern technologies for safety and promotion of outdoor experiences. The industry is also aiming at offering experiences to a more diverse population, so being able to offer targeted programs and work with minority groups will be essential.
Christian Bisson Ed.D.: My common advice to our senior students is to take any contract or position that will help them build various experience in outdoor leadership with the clientele they prefer and with organizations who are accredited by professional associations. I also advise them to continue their professional development by pursuing professional certifications in specific outdoor activities and by attending professional conferences.

Saint Xavier University
Education Department
Laura Laskowski-Ferrell: -Significant background in K12 schools, not solely in higher education
-Background in Educational Leadership
Laura Laskowski-Ferrell: -Timely Communication
-Program Organization
-Visionary Leadership
-Team Player
Laura Laskowski-Ferrell: -Understanding of school code and federal policies that impact programming
-Background in budgeting
-Understanding of job trends and endorsement growth areas
-Leadership in recruitment efforts
Laura Laskowski-Ferrell: -Experience leading professional development
-Experience with schedule development
-Teacher Evaluator Training
-Advising Experience

Steven Baule: The key focus for any educational leader must be the ability to improve learner outcomes. This can be measured in a wide range of ways, from graduation rates, test scores, improved attendance rates, etc. A second important consideration for an educational leader is the ability to manage professional development and mentor the educators under their charge. Given today's mixture of remote and traditional learning, experience in engaging online students will be sought after. Experience in leading or working in diverse settings will also be highly desirable.
Steven Baule: Communications skills are essential for all leaders regardless of industry. Educational leaders have to be able to communicate effectively with a wide range of stakeholders ranging from students through parents to staff and community leaders. Skills and experience in managing student behaviors are often one of the most sought-after sets of soft skills, and aspiring educational leaders will nearly always be queried on their experiences on this front during interviews.
Steven Baule: Bilingual leaders and others with experience in working with diverse cultures will be the most highly sought after as America's student population becomes more diverse. Strong technical skills, strong instructional skills, and documented experience in implementing successful school improvements are always in demand. Experiences with a variety of learning management systems and other administrative systems may also command larger salaries in some situations.

Dr. Stephen Duncan Ph.D.: The major trend is working from home, utilizing internet technologies more and more. The definition of "workplace" has expanded to include anytime, anywhere.
Dr. Stephen Duncan Ph.D.: The human sciences continue to be at the lower salary ranges of professional positions. Never will they rival our friends in engineering and other technical fields. Starting salaries at the bachelor's level are similar to elementary and secondary school teachers, and have followed their pattern over a number of years.
Dr. Stephen Duncan Ph.D.: Graduates should know how to get along collaboratively, having strong interpersonal skills, empathy for others' circumstances. In the School of Family Life, we not only stress thinking, writing, and numeracy skills and data organization, but interpersonal skills of clear speaking and listening, engaging with others, and working collaboratively on a team.
Sherie Williams: Covid-19 has seen many changes in the world of education. Most striking is the shift to virtual learning and the impact this has on teachers and students. As a result of this shift in delivery, the future of teaching will see a shift from traditional, face-to-face learning to online and/or hybrid learning.
Sherie Williams: Even in this new world of virtual contact, teaching is an important profession that still allows new graduates to impact the future.

Lauren Nicolosi: I think we're seeing a lot of remote opportunities, or those that are flexible in format. Because some roles don't translate to remote work as well, though, we're definitely seeing that some students are having to be creative in finding opportunities outside of what they initially planned for.

Fontbonne University
Department of Education/Special Education
Dr. Kelley Barger: There will be enduring impact on our students and our classrooms from the Coronavirus pandemic as they will face classrooms that look very different when they graduate and begin their teaching journey. Our Fontbonne University graduates have faced many quick shifts in instruction and expectations for social interaction in the classroom. In Education courses, we are teaching our students to face these quick changes in their future classrooms so we must model new tools and classrooms environments. As faculty, we had to shift and learn at a fast pace to move our classrooms online for remote learning. Our students had to adjust to remote classrooms and online dissemination of material. I have learned in the last 8 months how flexible our students are with change. Many of the online tools have been available to us for many years but the pandemic created a compressed learning curve for those who can learn and thrive and those who will fall behind. When our current graduates enter the field, they will be prepared to use these online tools to supplement their classrooms whether on ground or online.
Dr. Kelley Barger: The teachers of tomorrow will need a greater neural plasticity as they will need to think not just ahead but behind, in front, and all around. They will need to speed their ability to learn to catch up to new tools and new perspectives in our pandemic environment and post pandemic. I believe many of our online tools will enhance classroom in the future and will stay in our world long after we can once again interact within 6 feet of each other. Teachers going forward need strong motivations to search out resources, seek grant funding, and an ability to teach through any modality.
Dr. Kelley Barger: I look at work experience paired with the candidate's educational background. When I look at their academics and then I see work experience that is not using that education, I wonder why. Secondly, I look at volunteerism and if that is on their resume to see if they made time for those in their field that don't fall into a paid position. This tells me where their motivation comes from.
Winona State University
Department of Physical Education and Sport Science
Dr. Raymond Martinez: There exists both a challenge and an opportunity for teacher education graduates with Covid-19. Graduates of today must be ready to teach virtually immediately upon acquiring their first teaching position. Although this situation may not be what started them on the path to teaching, this generation of graduates has had more exposure to technological hardware and software and are poised to meet the challenge in the short term if Covid-19 persists. Additionally, graduates have the opportunity to fill the void left by retiring teachers. Many veteran teachers have decided to retire instead of delivering courses virtually, as it is the face to face interactions that drew them to teaching and what they want to continue. But Covid-19 has dramatically changed the educational landscape and taken away the joy of seeing students each day that allowed more meaningful connections with them but has become more difficult over Zoom or other platforms. Current graduates also want the same opportunities to teach face to face, but will work hard using skills that they have acquired over a lifetime of technology usage or educational training for educational delivery for today's students.
Dr. Raymond Martinez: Graduates of today will need the ability to connect with students who have been isolated in the virtual world they have been living in. The certifications mentioned in point #2 open up the ability to become more aware of the needs of the students beyond curricular content. Student-centered practices that focus more on students' ability to solve problems and develop solutions through challenge, self-expression and active engagement, are skills that are more powerful for learning than direct instruction and teacher centered practices.
Elizabeth Hinde Ph.D.: In education one of the biggest trends will include teaching technologies that are reliable and flexible to be able to be used both in PreK-college classrooms as well as remotely. There is no going back to purely non-technological teaching. Remote learning, in various forms is now a part of the education ecosystem. For instance, hyflex classrooms will become more prevalent so the technologies need to be more accessible and refitting classrooms with the technologies will be needed.
In addition, the social-emotional needs of children and mental health issues are already becoming front and center in schools. So, trends will include the need for more social workers and school psychologists in schools, as well as different kinds of training for teachers that help them recognize and address trauma and mental health concerns in classrooms.
Life is going to be different after the Pandemic and schools will be too. It will be a while before the emotional and mental toll that the Pandemic has caused will be alleviated, and the technologies are here to stay and will - or should - only get better.

Daniel Krutka Ph.D.: All our graduates have a mix of courses from our course and in an area of specialization. Overall, we want graduates who are prepared to better know themselves and advance equitable educational opportunities for an increasingly culturally and linguistically diverse K-12 student population here in Texas. We want students to critical consumers of research and advocates for students, especially those are more vulnerable to being ignored, harmed, or miseducated.

Felician University
Master of Arts in Religious Education (MARE) Program
Dr. William Mascitello Ph.D.: Unfortunately, downward. The field of RE in the United States is not generally lucrative. Additionally, many parishes and institutions have scaled back due to lack of financial means. That is not to say that there are no opportunities. Most of our students are currently employed in ministry and seek academic credentials. There is hope that we will rebound and the job market will improve.
Dr. William Mascitello Ph.D.: Academic credentials are important for those seeking a professional for a RE position. Connection with the Church and experience in RE are also important.
Dr. William Mascitello Ph.D.: In the United States, larger archdioceses with higher concentrations of Catholics tend to offer more opportunities, but this is not always the case. There is a shift from traditionally good areas for RE ministry work. New Jersey is in the midst of a population decline, as is New York.
Aquinas College
School of Education
Briana Asmus Ph.D.: Any place that has a high population density of bilingual students or English language learners tend to have more of a need for bilingual teachers.

Patricia L. McMahon Ph.D.: The pandemic disrupted the routines and procedures of school and emphasized the need for school leaders who can innovate at the level of practice and problem-solve with a systems approach. In their capacity as systems thinkers, school leaders need to interact successfully with a variety of stakeholders at the school, state, and federal levels to build external networks and partnerships. As instructional leaders, they work with teachers to provide meaningful opportunities to design learning experiences that foster independent learning. They need to demonstrate strong communication skills to create a culture of learning and equity, and they must value and model interpersonal skills that advance a shared commitment to the dignity of all learners. As digital leaders, they must effectively use technologies and navigate an evolving digital landscape. As managers, they must be comfortable with data analysis for strategic decision-making.
Patricia L. McMahon Ph.D.: In addition to the usual attrition rate for principals, the pandemic has prompted larger numbers of school leaders to retire early or pursue new job opportunities. As a result, work opportunities in this field are opening across the country, especially in large metropolitan markets.

Seattle University
History Department
Theresa Earenfight Ph.D.: As a historian of the European Middle Ages, I'm struck by how students this past year have acquired something scarce: historical empathy. The past can seem so remote, so very different from our lived experiences today, and this can make history seem irrelevant. But this fall, I was teaching a section on the bubonic plague, which historians of medicine now know was a global pandemic, not just an epidemic in Europe. Usually, students are fascinated by the gruesome medical details, but not this group.
They did not need or want to look death in the eyes. They wanted to know how did people react? How did they get back to normal? When we ticked off the list of reactions--fear, distrust of science (such as it was in 1348), xenophobia, scapegoating, economic collapse, hoarding supplies, turn to religion, gallows humor about worms crawling about corpses--they got it. When we talked about the aftermath--eat, drink, be merry, and protest the inequality--they got it. That is historical empathy, and I'm sad that this was how it had to be learned, but it will give them broader compassion that can encompass people alive today.
Theresa Earenfight Ph.D.: Science. They will need to learn and trust scientific knowledge-social work. We have a lot of work to do to repair the social fabric. Art. We need to know to express our pain in creative ways.
Theresa Earenfight Ph.D.: Altruism. Anyone who reaches out and does work that repairs the shredded world and does not ask for an avalanche of cash. And an understanding of how privilege works and a desire to work to rein in the harm of unchecked privilege.

Dr. Frederick Gordon Ph.D.: Graduate students will need to refocus on the changing institutional role, being both remote and in-person, and impacting agency goals and performance.
Dr. Frederick Gordon Ph.D.: Budgeting skills are essential, as well as apparent, logical written ability.
Dr. Frederick Gordon Ph.D.: Program concentration and meaningful internship experience.

Committee on the Status of Women in Astronomy - CSWA
Nicolle Zellner (on behalf of members of the CSWA): I believe (hope) that the effects of the pandemic will be short-lived and that there will be a surge in job opportunities once a vaccine is available. Nevertheless, greater flexibility and versatility in skills are always useful. For example, astronomers who have analyzed large data sets or worked with machine learning algorithms will be in significant demand.
Interdisciplinary studies are also on the rise. New fields like astrobiology are rapidly growing, and there are ripe potentials for researchers with unique combinations of expertise or who can work with broad collaborations spanning disciplines.
With the growth of data, especially from large astronomical surveys, technical skills like computer programming and experience with data science tools and machine learning is increasingly useful. The ability to communicate complex ideas to a range of audiences is a necessity in most fields, and astronomers generally have great relevant experience with community outreach.
Nicolle Zellner (on behalf of members of the CSWA): I think that permanent and what might be considered more "traditional" astronomy research positions like tenured professorships are more difficult to attain, primarily because of a short supply in the availability of those positions compared to the number of qualified candidates. Looking more broadly, there's a wide range of relevant positions for which many astronomers have very useful and increasingly more recognized skillsets - outreach/education positions for a variety of age groups in STEM, technical program/project management, scientific writing, and data science in industry, as examples.
Nicolle Zellner (on behalf of members of the CSWA): Advances in optics technology (laser frequency combs, for example) have already impacted high precision radial velocity measurements that the exoplanet community has been using to search for Earth-sized exoplanets. In the next five years, this technology will continue to be developed and used by other sub-fields in astronomy, including cosmology and Galactic dynamicists.
In planetary science, there are a number of advances that are rapidly changing how we do an exploration of our solar system. For example, NASA is strongly pushing for commercial partnerships that may facilitate delivering scientific payloads to the Moon, and small satellites (e.g., CubeSats) are opening up a lot of new options for both scientists, technologists, and engineers to get more involved in solar system missions.
Computational and algorithmic advances make it easier to aggregate and analyze large datasets, especially with the increasing prevalence of astronomical sky surveys. The increasing popularity of open-source tools and cloud usage for sharing data, I think, is and will be pushing reproducibility of research to be a more heavily emphasized expectation of the standard research process and evaluation metric of a researcher's work.
Tamara Tranter: Remote, remote, remote. I also believe we will see more people trying to enter different fields than the fields they were in pre-pandemic. Our norms have shifted, and almost everyone has had to pivot in some way to show their value. People with experience in different areas will be able to add more value to a company that has had to downsize.
Tamara Tranter: Communication skills. Take a communications course. Read books on communication and leadership. You may not want to be the leader, but learning about leadership will help you understand what type of leader you want to work for and learn from. Pick up the phone and call people you think you want to work for or learn from, don't just email them; making cold calls teaches you character. Learn to stand out. What can you do during that year that will add value to your life and career buckets? Read and learn about emotional intelligence - understand who you are and how to best interact with others.
Companies who are hiring are going to want to know you were doing something to grow and learn during the year if you were not employed or going to class during that time. Don't fake it. Tell us that you were taking an online class in a different program you wanted to learn about or that you were a stay at home parent that had to help your child/children with remote learning. Talk about the things you were motivated to do each day and the things that challenged you. Tell us if you had a family member that was ill. We want to know that you did things to help you grow and add value to yourself - reading books, taking up running, helping out your neighbors. We know everyone faced some type of struggle during this, but how did you manage it?
Tamara Tranter: Take risks, go outside of your comfort zone, and don't go into interviews with big expectations. Many qualified people have been impacted and are going to get many of the jobs because they have past experience. So be realistic, be positive, and be a team player.
Pacific Lutheran University
Anthropology Department
Jordan Levy Ph.D.: Any research project where students develop independent research skills. This can be part of the coursework, or part of an internship, or through a summer research assistantship. Anthropology is known for its holistic and comparative perspective and our ability to communicate effectively with people from diverse cultural backgrounds. Our qualitative research methods, in particular, have a range of applications. If students can develop interview skills and their capacity to make sense of human behavior, while also pursuing their undergraduate degrees, this knowledge and skill set will be attractive to a range of employers. As the U.S. becomes more diverse, our society will demand a workforce to better understand and interact with people from a range of cultural backgrounds.
Jordan Levy Ph.D.: Some students enter college having taken a "gap year" between high school and university. Any kind of volunteer or work experience that further develops their interpersonal communication skills is beneficial for the range of discussion and small group work that university-level classes require. Some students do service projects in other countries, which is great because they also gain international experiences that contribute to their overall formation as informed global citizens. These experiences can then tell what kinds of classes they take in university and can remain a source of inspiration for what careers they pursue.
Jordan Levy Ph.D.: Most of the students I work with are, fortunately, very quick to learn new communication technologies. This is so important because, as the COVID pandemic has shown us, the ability to work remotely is crucial. Communicating in a range of formats (writing emails, recording videos, participating in group discussions via Zoom, etc.) while also making your arguments and content clear to a range of audiences is essential, now more than ever.

Hartwick College
Anthropology Department
Namita Sugandhi Ph.D.: Historically, pandemics have created significant shifts in both the social and economic conditions of life, and this one is no different. The most influential trends that I expect in the job market are tighter hiring practices that will require candidates to have multiple skillsets, pushing many workers into increasingly unsafe and unfair positions. An unfortunate mantra of gratitude developed amongst the employed, early in the pandemic, was, "At least I still have a job." I think that sentiment still exists for people. Many employers know this and will continue to use it to their advantage. They pressure their employees to work under conditions that are increasingly unhealthy and untenable for themselves and their families. This will exacerbate many of the existing inequalities that this pandemic has already highlighted. In addition to becoming more ruthless and exploitative, I think future hiring patterns will highly value a candidates' ability to demonstrate resilience and innovation during the pandemic. A candidate's technological prowess - even for a non-technical job - will also be much more visible and impact standards and expectations of professionalism in the job market.
Namita Sugandhi Ph.D.: Documentation and public engagement will remain crucial parts of Anthropological work, and technology that allows us to record, analyze, and share data will continue to be necessary. Over the next several years, it will be essential to find new and innovative ways of connecting virtually to audiences' broader network. This will require the ability to think out-of-the-box and adapt to unique circumstances and new technologies. Technologies that allow people to build relationships across space will continue to transform how we experience social life. Those who are new to the job market will have to master these new virtual strategies of communication and self-promotion and need to understand and navigate the impact of this pandemic on the non-virtual world.
Namita Sugandhi Ph.D.: There is an absolute need for employees who can think anthropologically, but this is probably not where most jobs will lie in the next five years. There is no perceived "demand" for Anthropology graduates in most circumstances; this is not new, but it is to our detriment as a society when most people no longer have the capacity to critically understand the social and historical circumstances of the labor market. This will continue to erode at safe and fair conditions for many working people in America and worldwide. That being said, new candidates will have to be adept at doing new things in new ways - not just replicating the same old things in new ways. I do not think the training for this will come from the professional fields of medicine, law, or business, which are traditionally more conservative. I suspect there will continue to be a declining demand for professional Anthropologists but increasing demand for skilled graduates with an anthropology background. They can apply the social and historical insights of these subjects to whatever field they practice.

John Marston: Critical thinking, the ability to communicate in writing, and problem-solving skills are essential in archaeology.
John Marston: Private contractor companies are operating in the consulting space, termed "Cultural Resource Management."
John Marston: More opportunities for remote work as organizations become more comfortable with small platforms.