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| Year | # of jobs | % of population |
|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 433 | 0.00% |
| 2020 | 5,110 | 0.00% |
| 2019 | 5,181 | 0.00% |
| 2018 | 2,377 | 0.00% |
| 2017 | 2,384 | 0.00% |
| Year | Avg. salary | Hourly rate | % Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2026 | $39,109 | $18.80 | +2.5% |
| 2025 | $38,153 | $18.34 | +0.3% |
| 2024 | $38,050 | $18.29 | +1.8% |
| 2023 | $37,370 | $17.97 | +1.7% |
| 2022 | $36,737 | $17.66 | +3.7% |
| Rank | State | Population | # of jobs | Employment/ 1000ppl |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Vermont | 623,657 | 139 | 22% |
| 2 | Minnesota | 5,576,606 | 1,079 | 19% |
| 3 | Delaware | 961,939 | 177 | 18% |
| 4 | Wyoming | 579,315 | 101 | 17% |
| 5 | New Hampshire | 1,342,795 | 206 | 15% |
| 6 | Maine | 1,335,907 | 175 | 13% |
| 7 | Idaho | 1,716,943 | 202 | 12% |
| 8 | Montana | 1,050,493 | 131 | 12% |
| 9 | South Dakota | 869,666 | 106 | 12% |
| 10 | Connecticut | 3,588,184 | 404 | 11% |
| 11 | Rhode Island | 1,059,639 | 120 | 11% |
| 12 | North Dakota | 755,393 | 81 | 11% |
| 13 | Alaska | 739,795 | 81 | 11% |
| 14 | District of Columbia | 693,972 | 78 | 11% |
| 15 | Nebraska | 1,920,076 | 193 | 10% |
| 16 | Arizona | 7,016,270 | 603 | 9% |
| 17 | New Mexico | 2,088,070 | 187 | 9% |
| 18 | Maryland | 6,052,177 | 476 | 8% |
| 19 | Colorado | 5,607,154 | 443 | 8% |
| 20 | Kansas | 2,913,123 | 217 | 7% |
Howard University

Northern Arizona University

University of Guam

High Point University

Davidson College
Capital University

Cabrini University
San Francisco State University

Springfield College
Berry College

Missouri State University

Nicholls State University
Chatham University

Franklin and Marshall College
Universty of San Francisco
Southern Oregon University

Texas State University

University of Louisville
Merrimack College
University of Kansas
Howard University
Department of Curriculum and Instruction
James Thomas Jackson Ph.D.: The skills that will help you earn the most is an interesting question as most school budgets depend heavily on local property taxes. Because of this, salaries will vary depending on where one seeks employment. However, the skills that generally will lead to the most money are the following:
the possession of a graduate degree and maybe years of experience,

Northern Arizona University
Department of English
Lawrence Lenhart: For someone working for themselves (e.g., tutor, freelance writer/editor, etc.): initiative, career self-management, innovative thinking / for someone working for a company (e.g., teacher, journalist, ): ability to leverage their strengths to support not just themselves, but entire departments; understanding/willingness to contribute to leadership's vision

University of Guam
School of Education
Matthew Limtiaco: Empathy, patience, and a fearless capacity to critically examine the nature of our education practices (both as an individual practitioner and as an active member of a field that is in constant evolution). Education priorities have prioritized job placement, skills demanded by industry, and individual attainment. Despite warnings regarding impending climate change, increased social disparity, and a reemergence of authoritarian government systems globally, our education priorities have shifted with minimal effort to meet these challenges since I entered the field over two decades ago.
COVID has shined a spotlight on flaws and opportunities teachers might seize. Our field is uniquely positioned to address these challenges by influencing measurable shifts in human behavior so that our children are poised to adjust social behavior, governmental policy, and economic trends. We have an opportunity to celebrate communal success over individual gain, critical examination over immediate and convenient answers, and global mindedness over xenophobia. Many say there is no going back to the way it was before COVID. In the case of education, that might not be such a bad thing.
Matthew Limtiaco: An appreciation for the diversity in any given classroom is critical, along with the skills and commitment toward meeting the needs of students who come from a myriad of family backgrounds, social settings, belief systems, economic statuses', and histories of access and familiarity with our education system.
Each student brings with them a completely different set of skills, interests, fears, and struggles. Our capacity for empathy, honesty, and resourcefulness directly translates to student and classroom experience. Teachers reach students when they have the tools to connect with each student, show them that they are caring adults, and help each student realize their potential through measurable development in content areas as well as soft skills.
This is true online or in face-to-face settings. Online classrooms teachers are maximizing the reduced window of interaction with students by streamlining the delivery and assessment of content. No doubt, this priority is influenced by a culture of results-oriented teaching based on narrow measures. This compromise is made with a cost. Efforts toward social-emotional support should be increased in online classes, while content expectations should be relaxed during perhaps the most stressful time our young ones and their families have faced in their lives. Any absence of empathy and soft skill development in online settings is a product of decades-old priorities placed on high-stakes tests based on national standards.
Teachers entering the field should have a strong understanding of the need for social-emotional support and an ability to meet the needs of diverse students.

High Point University
Education Department
Dr. Shirley Disseler: The ability to extend your credentials to include a minor or add-on is special education, Gifted and Talented, or English as a Second language.
The other thing that is important is to make yourself marketable by extending your degrees. Take additional tests to give you a wider license range.

Cynthia Lewis Ph.D.: Demonstrated facility with language; the ability to tap into how the tutor learned what the tutee needs to know and to use that knowledge in tutoring; the ability to interest students in both reading and writing accomplished prose; a command of the vocabulary of English grammar and an ability to explain good grammatical practices; a grasp of the elements of composition and style.
(Some of these skills would come out in a cover letter versus a resume.)
Cynthia Lewis Ph.D.: I would say not so many skills as demonstrated experience and having testimonials from students, the tutor has helped successfully.
Capital University
School of Education
Bradley Conrad Ph.D.: First and most obviously, it's important that they have worked with kids in some capacity in the past and particularly helpful if they have previous teaching experience. Illustrating a past history in curriculum writing (e.g., lesson plans), implementing various pedagogies, and building rapport with students help an applicant stand out. Any field experiences in K-12 settings, whether traditional or non-traditional, should be included in the resume. Depending on the content area in which the student will tutor, it should be clear on the resume and/or cover letter that the student has knowledge of or experience teaching in that particular area.
Bradley Conrad Ph.D.: First and foremost, teachers need to be able to build relationships with students and illustrate care. In my and my colleagues' book Lesson Planning with Purpose: Five Approaches to Curriculum Design, we offer what we call the perceptive teaching framework, which highlights eight qualities of fantastic teachers, all of which are based on the vast research literature and our own research. Four of those eight qualities might be categorized as soft skills and deal with who the teacher is as a person - open-mindedness, self-and other-awareness, caring, and authenticity. Those so-called "soft skills are essential to any great teacher.
Bradley Conrad Ph.D.: The four skills most prevalent in great teachers include personalizing the educational experience, teaching the whole person (not just the pupil), teaching with intention, and developing autonomy. Personalizing the educational experience includes providing multiple pathways for students to engage with the content and inviting individual, unique cultural perspectives into the learning experience. Teaching the whole person happens when teachers see students as unique individuals and support their social, emotional, and academic needs. Teaching with intention occurs when teachers make curricular and instructional choices based on their students' needs and interests while having a clear purpose behind what they are doing. Finally, developing autonomy is akin to teaching kids not to need us or, as Vygotsky referred to it, attending to zones of proximal development. In other words, this skill involves helping students think critically, learn to solve problems and become more empowered and autonomous in their own academic and personal lives.
Bradley Conrad Ph.D.: I would argue the skills I highlighted in the perceptive teaching framework. Most instruments K-12 employers use aim to assess these critical skills, and generally, when creating interview questions, they often center around these concepts.

Cabrini University
Teacher Education Program
Amber Gentile: Applicants that have experience in classrooms and/or with children are the ones that stand out. Being comfortable with and building relationships with children is pivotal to the learning process. Similarly, teaching skills improve by spending time observing other teachers and receiving feedback from them. Applicants must highlight their general communication and computer skills and understand and use technology and programs to enhance the teaching and learning process.
Amber Gentile: Elementary teachers need to have the skills (communication, advocacy, interpersonal, collaboration) to build healthy relationships with their students and create communities conducive to learning (organization, creativity, patience, and problem-solving).
Amber Gentile: Teachers must be knowledgeable about child development to understand their students' experiences, feelings, and perspectives. Being skilled in research-based best practices in teaching and learning and utilizing them in designing and implementing instruction is also key! Staying current and continuing to attend professional development opportunities is very important to their career as an educator. We must be lifelong learners!
Amber Gentile: In general, the longer you teach, the more you earn, so a commitment and love of the profession will help you earn the most. Similarly, enjoying being with children may prompt you to serve as a leader in extracurricular school activities, which can supplement a teacher's income. Leadership skills are important in the classroom and can enhance a teacher's earning potential with increased responsibilities and involvement in the school.
San Francisco State University
Department of Elementary Education
Stephanie Sisk-Hilton Ph.D.: The good news for recent graduates of teacher training programs is that the job market looks very strong in almost every area of education. In California, we have had a strong job market for teachers for several years due to our aging educator workforce. The pandemic and the challenges of teaching over the past year, coupled with strong returns for retirement funds, appears to be accelerating the wave of retirements. While it will be particularly challenging to be a new teacher in the coming years, new teachers will likely have abundant job opportunities to select from. Teaching is not the highest earning career path, and there is much work to be done to ensure fair wages commiserate with the level of education and skill required for educators, but it is a stable and highly rewarding job, which may be particularly appealing during these uncertain times.

Springfield College
Educator Preparation
Dr. Linda Davis-Delano: Ability to teach remotely and use a variety of pedagogical techniques including the use of a variety of technological platforms (e.g., YouTube, Zoom, Microsoft Teams, Nearpod, Kahoot, Brainpop, TedEd).
Dr. Frances Roe: One of the biggest current trends in education is that the pandemic has prompted many teachers to retire or to leave the teaching profession. This exodus from the profession means that there will be more jobs available for our graduates. Locally, administrators from different districts have asked me if the Teacher Education Department knows of any recent graduates who do not have teaching jobs. They are ready to hire our recent graduates right now! The certification area did not matter. They need certified teachers now!
A trend is one that continues from pre-pandemic days. That trend is the need for math and science teachers for middle and high schools. Foreign language and special education teachers are also remain in demand.

Dr. Ximena Uribe-Zarain: Even though the pandemic has had an enormous impact on the social, economic, and emotional fabric of our society, jobs in our field have not been greatly affected by it. Graduates from the field of educational assessment, program evaluation, and research in education will find plenty of opportunities even in harsh times like these. The trends in the job market continue to be in industry in the area of psychometrics, program evaluation firms, and higher education.
What the pandemic has changed is the way we conduct business. The pandemic has made more evident and even widened systemic inequalities. As researchers, we need to pay close attention to our own cultural responsiveness and be mindful of the disparities in terms of health, racial justice, and technological access. We need to be intentional in our designs, analyses, and the dissemination of results; ultimately thinking on the way our work contributes to a more inclusive and equitable society.

Nicholls State University
English, Modern Languages & Cultural Studies Department
Karen Cheramie: Make sure your future employers know the impact you can make in the job. Check on your transferable skills. Be flexible and adaptable.
Chatham University
Education Department
Christie Lewis: I believe that graduates that go above and beyond the "check the box" really stand out. What I mean by this is that graduates who have been involved in the school and that became part of the school community really stand out. Perhaps a graduate volunteered to help with events at the school, started a tutoring club, and/or participated and did other things than teach in the classroom stands out. In addition, I think that volunteering in the community and also participating in teacher professional development really stands out. These things show that a graduate is excited and passionate.

M. Alison Kibler Ph.D.: The key for today's graduate is to come ready with relevant skills and experience. A college degree without relevant skills and experience will just not be as sufficient as in previous years to land that first, post-graduate role.
Creativity, proactivity along with strong communication skills and intellectual grit to anticipate and respond proactively to the unexpected are the competencies most prized in today's labor market. Showing that one worked through the pandemic, and even pursued additional skills and experiences relevant to a role or field, will make a graduate stand out from among their less prepared and proactive peers.
In the last class of American Studies graduates (class of 2020), I saw some students take a new path to a job. For example, one student had an internship where she worked remotely for a digital marketing firm. This then became a full-time job after graduation. Another student had worked on legal research (also remote) over the summer and in her senior seminar, and then got a job as a legal assistant in the New York DA's office. She hopes to ultimately go to law school. This is a job that other AMS alumni have secured in the past. Other students got jobs as community organizers, teachers, museum curators and entry-level business positions. These paths seemed largely the same as in the past. All built on course work and/or internships where they developed skills and deepened interest in topics. The student that went to work as a community organizer, for example, had done a senior research project on homelessness.
Elliot Neaman Ph.D.: Again, good tech training is a central requirement. I would learn to code if I were a young person. I would use the gap year to do a lot of reading and perhaps learn a language.
Elliot Neaman Ph.D.: Above all, be flexible. The world of work was already changing very fast before the pandemic, but now all kinds of new trends are emerging. You have to be nimble and you have to learn how to learn and quickly. So don't get stuck in the old categories but think about what you can get excited about. Then, figure out the skills you need to adapt to the new workplace. If you want to start a new business, think hard about how to adapt. Even with the vaccines and the eventual overcoming of the pandemic, we are not going to be going back to the pre-COVID world. If I were in the sciences, I'd obviously think about biotech. If I were in the humanities, I would try to figure out what kind of demand there will be for people with writing skills and creative talent.
Southern Oregon University
Educational Administration And Supervision
Amy Belcastro Ph.D.: First is to take the time to know what are your strengths and areas for improvement. You are intentionally crafting your professional reputation. Next, consider where you want to be in five years and what steps are needed to get there. It is the balancing act of long-term goals and short-time needs. Being intentional is key. Every step matters so step with intention. That said, there are many roads to Rome so explore, take risks, but be aware that you are crafting your professional reputation and self.
Amy Belcastro Ph.D.: I would refer you to my first email and add what many are saying, the genie is not going gently back into the bottle. Working from a distance is not going away. That said, the ripple effect will shift how we educate, communicate, and employ people. The ability to thrive within ambiguity, communicate effectively via technology and with cultural humility, and be innovative within and outside of the box will be in high demand.
Amy Belcastro Ph.D.: First, focus on updating your current resume to clearly communicate and provide evidence of your transferable skills and cognitive competencies such as strong communication and technology skills; the ability to work well with others who may be different in backgrounds, beliefs, etc.; leadership skills, and problem solving and complex thinking. After you have done this, assess where you are lacking and create a plan to strengthen your resume by seeking experiences. A very popular method of doing this is by completing a digital badge or micro-credential at an institute of higher education. It is a way of acknowledging competencies and skills in much less time than a college degree would take. Some may only be a few credits. This is becoming very popular for the workforce and therefore more institutions of higher education are offering these, some in partnership with companies.

Dr. Yasmine Beale-Rivaya Ph.D.: Not surprisingly, large metropolitan areas offer the largest volume and greatest range of opportunities for job aspirants with advanced foreign language skills. A recent survey of job advertisements in Texas found Arabic, Chinese, and Spanish to be the fastest-growing foreign language preferences, with increasingly numerous opportunities in Houston, Dallas/Fort Worth, San Antonio, Austin, and El Paso and their surrounding areas.
However, the career benefits afforded by expertise in a foreign language and culture are remarkable across all parts of the U.S. According to a recent employment study by Burning Doors (summarized in Forbes) more than seven in ten majors in Foreign Languages and Literatures have secured employment appropriate to their level of education within five years of taking their first job. This is first among all humanities, and also ahead of business management, marketing, education, all social sciences, biomedical sciences, health professions, and social work.
Our undergraduate and graduate students pursue many different career paths. Every year, we have several students enter Ph.D. programs and several have gone on to become tenure-track professors and visiting professors. You will also find Texas State's graduates all over the state engaging high school students with exciting language programs that include high school travel abroad and internship programs. The most recent trend, however, is for companies to select our graduates to fill very necessary service gaps due to their language skills. We already have former students working in government jobs such as the U.S. Labor Department, in health departments as translators, in the courts, as city emergency operators, and as community coordinators. We are also finding that there is more and more demand for our graduates in business fields such as business management, finance, marketing, international sales, and even the legal profession. In each of these cases, the students were hired due to their high-level and specialized language skills.
Dr. Yasmine Beale-Rivaya Ph.D.: This is a difficult question as we don't know what permanent changes the pandemic will produce. However, current literature on jobs and consumer interest has to do with providing a customized experience. Customers are no longer satisfied being treated as a number. They want to consume products and services that they can identify with, that make them feel as if they were produced or created with them in mind. To this point, customers want to be talked to and marketed to in their preferred language. I believe that the most successful companies will be those that can market and communicate with their customers on their level. They will want to employ people who can address multiple markets. In a highly-competitive globalized market, the higher-level language skills one has, the more versatile and valuable one becomes to an employer.
Dr. Yasmine Beale-Rivaya Ph.D.: Job candidates whose resumes indicate advanced foreign language skills and international sophistication generally receive greater consideration from potential employers.
The skills that I think will be the most important are demonstrating that one has the ability to respond to customers in a way that resonates personally with them. In terms of language, that means being able to communicate with customers in their language, and especially, in their dialect. It won’t be enough to just be able to speak the language. Employees will need those unquantifiable skills and a deep knowledgebase that only comes through a sustained and broad knowledge of the culture and literature. This level of cultural sophistication is in demand across various professional fields, such as journalism, international relations, translation, interpretation, publishing, higher education, global business, health care, and customer service.
I believe employers are going to look for employees who can produce professional material in the target language at a high skill level and also produce material that is targeted to their different customer markets. Content will need to be creative and reference all those items that form part of a person’s cultural memory and traditions. Thus, companies will not be able to rely on auto-translations.
Among our language offerings at Texas State are Chinese, Japanese, Arabic, Russian, and Portuguese, which are all designated as Critical Languages by the U.S. Department of State. Academic programs that enable students to acquire foreign language skills while acquiring intercultural competency in critical languages help prepare them to meet the specific demand for specialists in global communications and international affairs.
Advanced language study in the form of minors or second majors complements the skills of graduates in other academic majors such as International Relations, International Studies, History, Political Science, Psychology, English, Anthropology, Philosophy, Religious Studies, Economics, Mass Communication, Communication Studies, Journalism and Mass Communication, Criminal Justice, and Computer Science, providing students the opportunity to enhance their professional career opportunities.

Janet Kelly Ph.D.: New federal government employees typically have very specialized credentials. Think epidemiologist. Opportunities for the MPA generalists exist but are not robust. State government less so, but still have a strong tendency to hire within a specialization - wildlife resource officer, accountant, social worker. More opportunities for the generalist. Local government is the most open to new MPAs, so I always encourage them to consider a career in city or county government. More jobs are being created where people are moving: from industrial Midwest to South and Southwest. Still, technology binds the worker to the work so places with broadband and high internet speed connectivity will be attractive as both places to live and work.
Deborah Margolis Ph.D.: The COVID pandemic has triggered the retirement of many seasoned educators, so many districts are in need of committed new graduates. Typically, during non-pandemic times, urban districts tend to have more openings. Commitment to teach in an urban or otherwise underserved district can provide a wonderful experience for new graduates looking to make a meaningful contribution to the education and lives of the students with whom they work.
Deborah Margolis Ph.D.: One of the many things that COVID has taught us is the importance of educational technology and that educators need to have facility with technology. We have also learned that some things that we thought had to be done in person, can be done remotely/virtually. Since some experts suggest that we may be dealing with COVID and remnants of COVID until 2025, educational technology will continue to play an important role for us in the U.S. The use of technology during the pandemic has also shown us ways that education can be enhanced for those who might otherwise be unable to access on-ground educational opportunities.
University of Kansas
Department of History
Luis Corteguera: Learning a language is one of the most important skills to acquire, and there are many opportunities that can later be complemented with university courses. Any kind of professional experience can also be valuable, not necessarily because it will help to build a resume for the future, but more importantly, to explore interests and maybe discard options. These experiences can also give students a better awareness and appreciation for the skills that can best be acquired through university studies.