General Health Services Corporation history

Rosemary Stevens, “ ‘A Poor Sort of Memory’: Voluntary Hospitals and Government before the Depression,” The Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly, Health and Society 60 (1982): 558.

Medicare incorporated a prospective payment system in 1983, with federal programs paying a preset amount for a specific diagnosis in the form of Diagnostic Related Groups, or DRGs.

Further, Chadwick proposed that a national board of health, local boards in each district, and district medical officers be appointed to accomplish this goal. (Chave, 1984)

In the late seventeenth century, several European cities appointed public authorities to adopt and enforce isolation and quarantine measures (and to report and record deaths from the plague). (Goudsblom, 1986)

Starr, The Social Transformation of American Medicine; Charles E. Rosenberg, The Care of Strangers: The Rise of America’s Hospital System(Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987).

By 1990, NHE accounted for 12.1 percent of GDP — the largest increase thus far in the history of healthcare.

Communities adopt different conceptions of health risk (Beck, 1992), and these notions of risk may be shaped by mass media representation of events.

After a period of debate toward the end of 1993, Congress left for winter recess with no conclusions or decisions, leading to the bill’s quiet death.

Some of the larger not-for-profit corporations have bailed out public facilities through lease arrangements, such as the one between the Daughters of Charity’s Seton Medical Center and the public Brackenridge Hospital in Austin, Texas, that occurred in 1995.

In 1996, Clinton signed the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), which established privacy standards for individuals.

Then in 1997, the Balanced Budget Act decreased Medicare payments to hospitals by $115 billion over five years, including a projected $17 billion reduction in Medicare payments to hospitals.

These obstacles have previously been highlighted as the critical gaps in need of solution (Gray, 2001). Even when the findings are timely, for policy purposes, policy makers may not know how best to use the information.

By 2008, nearly 70 percent of households in developing countries consumed adequately iodized salt.

An explosion on an oil rig in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010 led to enormous ecological and economic damage as well as loss of life.

The first open enrollment season for the Marketplace started in October 2013, and it was rocky, to say the least.

Similarly, although the health issues associated with obesity and poor nutrition are well recognized, evidence-informed policy responses are relatively rare and systematic multisectoral approaches are absent (Sisnowski, 2015).

Nevertheless, 8 million people signed up for insurance through the ACA Marketplace during the first open enrollment season, with enrollment peaking in 2016 at 12.2 million (with 10 million of those receiving subsidies to help pay for insurance).

Since Donald Trump was sworn in as the 45th President of the United States on January 20, 2017, many have questioned what would happen with our healthcare system — specifically, what would happen to the ACA, since Donald Trump ran on a platform of “repealing and replacing” the bill.

According to the Kaiser Family Foundation, the ACA has covered an average of 11.3 million annually since its inception, though 8.5% of the United States population (roughly 27.5 million Americans) remain uninsured, as reported by the KKF in 2018.