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Genetics Institute history
Genetics Institute company history timeline
Under the sponsorship of the Harvard Management Group, a number of scientists met at the Chicago airport Hilton in the summer of 1980 to discuss a venture.
In July, 1987 GI's efforts in the field of EPO seemed to pay off when the company received a United States patent on purified EPO, based on material derived from human urine.
At the end of 1987, company losses had reached $10.4 million.
By 1988, GI's fate had begun to rest as much on the activities of lawyers as on the efforts of scientists.
January 3-4, 1989: The program advisory committee on the human genome holds its first meeting in Bethesda, Md.
GI, which had lost $29 million in 1990, had hoped to begin turning a profit on the basis of its licensees' United States sales of EPO, and those expectations were dashed by the court's decision.
In 1990, the Whitehead Institute/MIT Center for Genome Research (WICGR) was founded, and it soon became an international leader in the field of genomics and a flagship of the Human Genome Project.
January 22, 1991: The National Advisory Council for Human Genome Research meets for the first time in Bethesda, MD.
But in August, 1991, the company took a special charge against its earnings, and set aside $11 million to cover any damages that might be awarded to Amgen.
April 10, 1992: James Watson resigns as first director of the National Center for Human Genome Research.
The latter substance was licensed to the Genetic Institute/Yamanouchi joint venture in November, 1992, for testing and marketing in Japan.
GI's efforts in other areas had also begun to show fruit by 1992.
In mid-1993, Recombinate AHF received the Committee for Proprietary Medicinal Products (CPMP) recommendation for approval, placing it in the home-stretch for market introduction in the European Committee.
Worldwide sales of these products in 1993 are anticipated to be $450 million.
September 30, 1994: Human genetic mapping goal achieved one year ahead of schedule.
April 1995: The Task Force on Genetic Testing is established as a subgroup of the National Institutes of Health (NIH)/Department of Energy Ethical, Legal and Social Implications Working Group.
November 15, 1995: National Center for Human Genome Research celebrates its 5th anniversary.
As early as 1995, WICGR scientists recognized the need to bring the power of genomics to the understanding of human disease.
April 11, 1996: Human DNA sequencing begins with pilot studies at six universities in the United States.
November 1996: National Center for Human Genome Research and other researchers identify the location of the first major gene that predisposes men to prostate cancer.
In 1996, the Center for Inherited Disease Research (CIDR) was also established (co-funded by eight NIH institutes and centers) to study the genetic components of complex disorders.
May 1997: The National Human Genome Research Institute and other scientists show that three specific alterations in the breast cancer genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 are associated with an increased risk of breast, ovarian and prostate cancers.
In 1997, the School of Medicine established the Program in Human Genetics.
March 1998: Vice President Al Gore announces that the Clinton administration is calling for legislation to bar employers from discriminating against workers in hiring or promotion because of their genetic makeup.
October 1998: The National Institutes of Health and the Department of Energy develop a new five-year plan for the Human Genome Project.
In parallel, Harvard Medical School-based scientists established the Institute of Chemistry and Cell Biology (ICCB) in 1998, to facilitate the pursuit of chemical genetics as an academic discipline and a tool to further understand human biology and disease.
October 1999: President Clinton and First Lady Hillary Rodham Clinton host the eighth Millennium Evening at the White House.
March 2000: A public consortium of scientists and a private company release a substantially complete genome sequence of the fruitfly (Drosophila melanogaster). The findings are reported in the March 24 issue of Science.
March 2001: National Human Genome Research Institute and Human Genome Project-funded scientists find a new tumor suppressor gene involved in breast, prostate and other cancers on human chromosome 7.
In 2001, as a consequence of the UCSF expansion to Mission Bay and new space availability at Parnassus Heights, the Program was slated for further development.
November 2002: The National Human Genome Research Institute selects Eric D. Green, M.D., Ph.D., as the new scientific director for the NHGRI.
In 2002, the ICCB was awarded an Initiative for Chemical Genetics (ICG) grant from the National Cancer Institute, and its successful Investigator-Initiated Screening Program facilitated small molecule screening projects for more than 80 research groups worldwide.
February 2003: The National Human Genome Research Institute and the Department of Energy announce April 2003 events to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the discovery of the DNA double helix, the completion of the human genome sequence and the publication of the vision plan for NHGRI.
December 17, 2003: The International HapMap Consortium publishes a paper that sets forth the scientific rationale and strategybehind its effort to create a map of human genetic variation.
After a national search for a leader, on January 1, 2005, Neil Risch became the Lamond Family Foundation Distinguished Professor in Human Genetics and the inaugural Director of the Center for Human Genetics.
August 31, 2005: The first comprehensive comparison of the genetic blueprints of humans and chimpanzees shows our closest living relatives share perfect identity with 96 percent of our DNA sequence.
October 26, 2005: The International HapMap Consortium publishes a comprehensive catalog of human genetic variation, a landmark achievement that is already accelerating the search for genes involved in common diseases, such as asthma, diabetes, cancer and heart disease.
In October of 2006, the Center was established as an organized research unit and became the Institute for Human Genetics.
December 19, 2007: To better understand the role the astounding assortment of bacteria, fungi and other microbes play in human health and disease, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) announces the official launch of the Human Microbiome Project.
Louise M. Slaughter (D-N.Y.), lead author of the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008 (GINA), passes away at the age of 88.
March 12, 2009: A team that includes researchers from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) has found a new way of detecting functional regions in the human genome.
October 7, 2010: The National Institutes of Health announce awards to support the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project, an initiative to understand how genetic variation may control gene activity and its relationship to disease.
July 5, 2011: P. Paul Liu, M.D., Ph.D. has been named NHGRI's Deputy Scientific Director.
June 14, 2013: The Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C. opens a high-tech, high-intensity exhibition Genome: Unlocking Life's Code to celebrate the 10th anniversary of researchers producing the first complete human genome sequence - the genetic blueprint of the human body.
In 2013, they committed an additional $100 million to empower Broad scientists to pioneer new research directions—a vital step in tackling the biomedical challenges of tomorrow.
August 26, 2014: After having completed a 14-month engagement at the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), the Genome: Unlocking Life's Code exhibition departs for a multi-city traveling exhibition starting on September 1, 2014.
September 16, 2015: The Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) opens an online patient application portal called the UDN Gateway.
December 31, 2015: Robert Blakesley, Ph.D., director of the sequencing group at the NIH Intramural Sequencing Center (NISC), retires after a long, distinguished and singularly productive career in DNA sequencing.
January 14, 2016: NIH funds a set of genome sequencing and analysis centers whose research will focus on understanding the genomic bases of common and rare human diseases.
July 1, 2020: NIH announces the provision of $75 million in funding over five years for the Electronic Medical Records and Genomics (eMERGE) Genomic Risk Assessment and Management Network.
March 10, 2021: NIH researchers develop guidelines for reporting polygenic risk scores.
February 3, 2022: NIH-funded small businesses contributed to the completion of the human genome sequence.
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Genetics Institute competitors
| Company name | Founded date | Revenue | Employee size | Job openings |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inspiration Biopharmaceuticals | 2004 | $1.4M | 30 | - |
| GlobeImmune | 1995 | $6.5M | 22 | - |
| ImmunoGen | 1981 | $108.8M | 75 | - |
| ABC Laboratories | 1968 | $72.0M | 3,000 | 3 |
| Focus Diagnostics | 1978 | $19.0M | 350 | - |
| XOMA | 1981 | $28.5M | 11 | - |
| SDIX, LLC Marketing | 1990 | $391.8M | 200 | - |
| Zyomyx | 1998 | $840,000 | 5 | - |
| Nanogen | 1993 | $8.5M | 10 | - |
| BioReliance | 1947 | $49.9M | 700 | - |
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