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The founders raised $33 million in July 1990 from many investors, including Bill Gates – who at the time was the largest shareholder, with 10% of the equity.
The company initially had temporary offices in downtown Seattle, but moved to Bothell in September 1990.
Icos went public on June 6, 1991, raising $36 million.
Icos began research on tadalafil in 1993, and clinical trials started two years later.
Pfizer was given a broad patent on PDE5 inhibitors in Britain in 1993.
Except for historical information contained herein, this press release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.
Glaxo let the partnership with Icos lapse in 1996, including the company's 50% share of profits from resulting drugs, because the drugs in development were not in Glaxo's core markets.
In June 1998, Icos and many medical centers asked the FDA to waive consent requirements in situations where the patient was at high risk of dying and relatives could not be reached.
George Rathmann, seen as a guiding father to Icos, left the company in February 2000, and was replaced as CEO and chairman by Paul Clark, a former executive at Abbott Laboratories.
In August 2001, the company partnered with Seattle Genetics to manufacture a component of their top experimental antibody drug SGN-15.
In November 2001, Icos signed a production agreement with GPC Biotech to manufacture a class of GPC's antibodies that targeted B-cell lymphomas.
In the United States, Pfizer filed suit against Lilly Icos soon after receiving a broad US patent for PDE5 inhibitors in October 2002.
Cialis was approved in Europe in November 2002 and in the United States a year later.
In April 2003, Icos sold its part of the 50/50 partnership, including any share of sitaxentan and TBC3711, to Texas Biotechnology for $4 million at closing and another $6 million within 18 months.
One of the first advertisements for Cialis aired during the 2004 Super Bowl; Lilly Icos paid more than $4 million for the one-minute ad.
In July 2005, the FDA said that Viagra, Levitra, and Cialis labels would all carry warnings on the risk of sudden blindness, though it was unclear whether the drugs were actually causing the blindness.
In 2005, a Phase 3 clinical study was initiated in pulmonary arterial hypertension, a life-threatening disease, and a Phase 2 clinical study began in hypertension, a common disorder which dramatically increases the risk of cardiovascular complications.
Cost of sales totaled $47.3 million in 2005, including royalties payable by Lilly ICOS equal to 5% of its net product sales.
The decrease was primarily due to planned reductions in 2005 selling and marketing expenses in the United States.
In 2006, Cialis generated $971 million in sales, leading Icos to post its first-ever quarterly profit in August.
The results of the multi-dose study will be useful in the design of a Phase 3 study for BPH, expected to begin in 2007.
In May 2009, tadalafil, to be sold as Adcirca by United Therapeutics, was approved in the United States for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension based on data from a pivotal study begun before the sale of Icos to Eli Lilly.
In 2010, Thelin was voluntarily withdrawn from the market worldwide due to concerns about irreversible liver damage.
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| Company name | Founded date | Revenue | Employee size | Job openings |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spectrum Pharmaceuticals | 2002 | $10.1M | 235 | - |
| Regeneron | 1988 | $14.2B | 9,123 | 323 |
| Geron | 1990 | $77.0M | 15 | - |
| Amgen | 1980 | $33.4B | 22,000 | 556 |
| Incyte | 1991 | $4.2B | 1,600 | 47 |
| Merck | 1891 | $64.2B | 74,000 | 1,716 |
| Amneal Pharmaceuticals | 2002 | $2.8B | 6,500 | 115 |
| Zoetis | 1952 | $9.3B | 11,300 | 185 |
| Alnylam Pharmaceuticals | 2002 | $2.2B | 1,323 | - |
| CBLPath | 2003 | $11.8M | 200 | 10 |
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Icos may also be known as or be related to ICOS CORPORATION, ICOS Corporation, ICOS LLC and Icos.