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In 1977, Thomas Peterffy left his job designing commodity trading software for Mocatta Metals, and bought a seat on the American Stock Exchange (AMEX) as an individual market maker.
In 1979, the company expanded to employ four traders, three of whom were AMEX members.
In 1982, Peterffy renamed T.P. & Co. to Timber Hill Inc.; he named it after a road to a favorite retreat, one of his properties on Hutchin Hill Road in Woodstock, New York.
In 1983, Timber Hill created the first handheld computers used for trading.
In 1983, Peterffy sought to computerize the options market, and he first targeted the Chicago Board Options Exchange (CBOE). At the time, brokers still used fair value pricing sheets, which were by then updated once or twice a day.
In 1985, Peterffy introduced his computer system to the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), which allowed it.
Also in 1985, the firm joined and began trading on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange, the Chicago Board of Trade and the Chicago Board Options Exchange.
In 1987, the CBOE was about to close down its S&P 500 options market due to the options not attracting sufficient trader interest.
In 1987, Timber Hill joined the National Securities Clearing Corporation and the Depository Trust Company (now merged as the Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation). By 1987, Timber Hill had 67 employees and had become self-clearing in equities.
While Peterffy was trading on the Nasdaq in 1987, he created the first fully automated algorithmic trading system.
Interactive Brokers Inc. was incorporated in 1993 as a United States broker-dealer, to provide technology developed by Timber Hill for electronic network and trade execution services to customers.
Also in 1994, Timber Hill Deutschland became a member of the Belgium Futures and Options Exchange, IB became a member of the New York Stock Exchange, and the Timber Hill Group LLC was formed as a holding company of Timber Hill and IB's operations.
Also in 1995, Timber Hill Hong Kong began market making at the Hong Kong Futures Exchange and IB created its primary trading platform Trader Workstation and executed its first trades for public customers.
In 1996, Timber Hill Securities Hong Kong Limited was incorporated and began trading at the Hong Kong Stock Exchange.
By 1997, Timber Hill had 284 employees.
In 1998, Timber Hill Canada Company was formed, and IB began to clear online trades for retail customers connected directly to Globex to trade S&P futures.
In 1999, IB introduced a smart order routing linkage for multiple-listed equity options and began to clear trades for its customer stocks and equity derivatives trades.
Also in 1999, Goldman Sachs attempted to purchase the company and was turned away.
Registered Office: Level 40, Grosvenor Place, 225 George Street, Sydney 2000, New South Wales, Australia.
In 2000, Interactive Brokers (U.K.) Limited was formed and Timber Hill became a Primary Market Maker on the International Securities Exchange (ISE).
In 2001, the corporate name of the Timber Hill Group LLC was changed to Interactive Brokers Group LLC, which at the time handled 200,000 trades per day.
In 2002, Timber Hill became the major market maker for the newly introduced United States single-stock futures.
In 2002, Interactive Brokers, along with the Bourse de Montréal and the Boston Stock Exchange, created the Boston Options Exchange.
In 2004, IB introduced direct market access to its customers on the Frankfurt and Stuttgart exchanges.
In 2006, Interactive Brokers started offering penny-priced options.
In 2008, the company released Risk Navigator, a real-time market risk management platform.
Also in 2008, several trading algorithms were introduced to the Trader Workstation.
In 2009, IB launched iTWS, a mobile trading app based on IB's Trader Workstation; it also released the Portfolio Analyst tool.
In 2011, the company introduced several new services, including the Interactive Brokers Information System, Hedge Fund Capital Introduction Program, and the Stock Yield Enhancement Program.
Interactive Brokers also became in 2011 the largest online United States broker as measured by daily average revenue trades.
In 2012, IB began offering money manager accounts and opened the fully electronic Money Manager Marketplace.
In 2013, IB released the Probability Lab tool and Traders' Insight, a service that provides daily commentary by Interactive Brokers traders and third party contributors.
*The 60% figure is as of January 1, 2014 and includes all funds that had been participating in the Program for at least three months
On April 3, 2014, Interactive Brokers became the first online broker to offer direct access to IEX, a private electronic communication network for trading securities, which was subsequently registered as an exchange.
In 2015, IB created the service Investors' Marketplace, which allows customers to find investors and other service providers in the financial industry.
In March 2016, IB released a companion app to iTWS for the Apple Watch.
As Peterffy explained in a 2016 interview, the battery-powered units had touch screens for the user to input a stock price and it would produce the recommended option prices, and it also tracked positions and continually repriced options on stocks.
In May 2017, IB announced the sale of the market making business conducted by its Timber Hill subsidiary, including its market making software, to New York-based Two Sigma Securities.
IBKR once again rated #1 – Best Online Broker by Barron's 2019.
In 2020, the customer base grew to one million users.
In September 2021, the firm announced that clients could now trade cryptocurrencies.
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| Company name | Founded date | Revenue | Employee size | Job openings |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TD Ameritrade | 1971 | $6.0B | 8,939 | - |
| Fidelity Investments | 1946 | $18.2B | 65,000 | 949 |
| TradeStation | 1982 | $540.0M | 510 | 17 |
| Mortgage Research Center | - | $21.5M | 1,927 | - |
| Jpm | - | $11.4M | 44 | 2 |
| Financial Partners Credit Union | 1937 | $42.0M | 100 | - |
| Putnam Investments | 1937 | $350.0M | 1,701 | - |
| Colorado Housing and Finance Authority | 1973 | $17.0M | 300 | - |
| Xoom | 2001 | $159.1M | 200 | - |
| The Vanguard Group | 1975 | $6.9B | 17,600 | 217 |
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Interactive Brokers may also be known as or be related to Interactive Brokers, Interactive Brokers Group Inc, Interactive Brokers Group LLC, Interactive Brokers Group, Inc. and Interactive Brokers LLC.