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ICANN history
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NTIA received more than 650 comments as of March 23, 1998, when the comment period closed.
(1) the original November, 1998, Memorandum of Understanding (“DNS Project”, although the scope includes all of IANA’s functions, later called the “Joint Project Agreement”),
ICANN was founded in 1998 and grew out of a United States Government commitment to transfer the policy and technical management of the DNS to a non-profit corporation based in the United States with global participation.
The first cases under ICANN’s dispute resolution policy, including those brought by the World Wrestling Federation and by American actress Julia Roberts, were settled in 2000.
“Department of Commerce: Relationship with the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers” Robert P. Murphy as General Counsel of US General Accounting Office, 2000.
"Icann's Latest Gaffe." Computer Weekly, April 5, 2001.
In 2004 both Cerf and Kahn won the A.M. Turing Award, the highest honour in computer science, for their “pioneering work on internetworking, including the design and implementation of the Internet’s basic communications protocols, TCP/IP, and for inspired leadership in networking.”
On July 26, 2006, the United States government renewed the contract with ICANN for performance of the IANA function for an additional one to five years.
“Launching the DNS War: DOT-COM Privatization and the Rise of Global Internet Governance” Craig Lyle Simon, PhD Dissertation, University of Miami, 2006.
Accordingly, in 2007 ICANN began testing the use of non-Latin script in the software used by DNS servers to locate TLD resources on the Internet.
During July 2008, the DOC reiterated an earlier statement that it has "no plans to transition management of the authoritative root zone file to ICANN". The letter also stresses the separate roles of the IANA and VeriSign.
The “Affirmation of Commitments,” established in September 2009, set the tone for IANA management by redefining the relationship between the US Government and the Internet and pushing the IANA aspects of Internet towards self-governance.
On September 30, 2009, ICANN signed an agreement with the DOC (known as the "Affirmation of Commitments") that confirmed ICANN's commitment to a multistakeholder governance model, but did not remove it from DOC oversight and control.
The organization has revoked those credentials when registrars violate the terms of the Registrar Accreditation Agreement, such as it did with Parava Networks in 2009 for, among other violations, failing to accurately maintain information about some Web sites it had registered.
The first IDNs, which used Arabic characters for domain names in Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates, went into service in May 2010.
In 2010, after years of legal controversy, ICANN approved the .xxx top-level domain for adult entertainment sites.
ICANN then announced in 2011 that it would greatly increase the number of top-level domains by allowing nearly any new top-level domain name in any language.
A similar bill, House Resolution 1580, states “it is the policy of the US to preserve and advance the successful multi-stakeholder model that governs the Internet,” and is passed by the House in 2013.
Sean Duffy (Wisconsin) introduces House Resolution 4398, the “GIF (Global Internet Freedom) Act of 2014.” [137] Both bills prohibit NTIA from moving forward.
“Internet Domain Names: Background and Policy Issues” Lennard G. Kruger, Congressional Research Service, 2014. (Note that CRS is not allowed to provide on-line copies of reports and this is an unofficial archive copy.)
“Overview and History of the IANA Functions” ICANN Security and Stability Advisory Committee publication SAC067, 2014.
The Enhancing ICANN Accountability Group (CCWG-Accountability) makes a significant step forward at ICANN 54 in Dublin (October, 2015) when the ICANN board and the CCWG agree on an enforcement mechanism for new governance model.
"ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers) ." Gale Encyclopedia of E-Commerce. . Retrieved June 22, 2022 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/economics/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/icann-internet-corporation-assigned-names-and-numbers
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