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Job outlook for law enforcement instructors in the United States
Are law enforcement instructor jobs in demand?
Law enforcement instructor job and salary trends over time
Law enforcement instructor jobs over time
Law enforcement instructor job growth rate over time
| Year | # of jobs | % of population |
|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 389 | 0.00% |
| 2020 | 395 | 0.00% |
| 2019 | 397 | 0.00% |
| 2018 | 420 | 0.00% |
| 2017 | 401 | 0.00% |
Average law enforcement instructor salary over time
Law enforcement instructor salary by year
| Year | Avg. salary | Hourly rate | % Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2026 | $52,585 | $25.28 | +1.1% |
| 2025 | $52,006 | $25.00 | +1.6% |
| 2024 | $51,212 | $24.62 | +2.5% |
| 2023 | $49,971 | $24.02 | +1.4% |
| 2022 | $49,301 | $23.70 | +1.4% |
Law enforcement instructor jobs by state
Most common states for law enforcement instructors
| Rank | State | Population | # of jobs | Employment/ 1000ppl |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | District of Columbia | 693,972 | 66 | 10% |
| 2 | Wyoming | 579,315 | 56 | 10% |
| 3 | Colorado | 5,607,154 | 503 | 9% |
| 4 | Montana | 1,050,493 | 91 | 9% |
| 5 | Virginia | 8,470,020 | 650 | 8% |
| 6 | South Carolina | 5,024,369 | 404 | 8% |
| 7 | Georgia | 10,429,379 | 738 | 7% |
| 8 | North Carolina | 10,273,419 | 677 | 7% |
| 9 | Oregon | 4,142,776 | 300 | 7% |
| 10 | Delaware | 961,939 | 67 | 7% |
| 11 | Alaska | 739,795 | 55 | 7% |
| 12 | California | 39,536,653 | 1,794 | 5% |
| 13 | New Jersey | 9,005,644 | 481 | 5% |
| 14 | Maryland | 6,052,177 | 292 | 5% |
| 15 | Minnesota | 5,576,606 | 261 | 5% |
| 16 | Utah | 3,101,833 | 143 | 5% |
| 17 | Nevada | 2,998,039 | 140 | 5% |
| 18 | Nebraska | 1,920,076 | 99 | 5% |
| 19 | North Dakota | 755,393 | 38 | 5% |
| 20 | Vermont | 623,657 | 31 | 5% |
Most common cities for law enforcement instructors
| Rank | City | # of jobs | Employment/ 1000ppl | Avg. salary |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Los Angeles | 1 | 0% | $70,548 |
Law Enforcement Instructor job outlook: Expert opinions
Our panel of law enforcement instructor experts
Georgia College and State University
Metropolitan State University
University of Central Missouri
Newberry College
Plymouth State University
Meredith College
Adelphi University
Keweenaw Bay Ojibwa Community College
Pennsylvania State University - Beaver
University of Arkansas - Fort Smith
University of North Carolina at Pembroke
Saint Elizabeth University
The University of Akron
Boise State University
University of North Carolina at Pembroke
Cedar Crest College
Longwood University
SUNY Potsdam
Arizona State University
Matheson Sanchez Ph.D.
Assistant Professor of Criminal JusticeGeorgia College and State University
Criminal Justice And Corrections
What general advice would you give to a Law Enforcement Instructor?
Matheson Sanchez Ph.D.: Without a doubt, technological literacy is going to be increasingly important. Many believe that the criminal justice system is made up of “smart people” and “action people,” where the former sit in the agency headquarters and type away on computers, while the latter go out in the field and make contact with the community. This could not be further from the truth. Everyone working in all facets of the system are being asked and expected to have a working grasp on how to utilize technology to accomplish a mission. At the very least, those more action-oriented people need to be able to hold effective conversations with their intelligence community personnel—much of which will revolve around the use of artificial intelligence via facial recognition, data scraping software, and predictive technologies.
What Law Enforcement Instructor skills would you recommend for someone trying to advance their career?
Matheson Sanchez Ph.D.: Many aspiring criminal justice professionals enter the field believing their career will be a linear, clearly defined path. I always encourage my students to enter the field with an open mind. There will be all types of people filling all types of positions. Many of those positions will have been unknown to those students until they get their foot in the door and begin working. New criminal justice system actors will likely find themselves becoming more familiar with positions that interest them greatly. It’s important not to be afraid to take a leap, make a change, and find the niche where you best fit. The CJ system is a complex, interwoven web of different jobs. Keep your eyes open and take note when one catches your eye. Job satisfaction is key for a long, healthy, enjoyable career in the CJ system.
What will help Law Enforcement Instructors increase their earning potential?
Matheson Sanchez Ph.D.: This is a tricky question, because many salaries in the criminal justice system are set by legislative budgetary decisions. In other words, a supervisor usually has no power to offer any incentivizing packages or increased salary. However, it's not all bad news. More than ever before, many areas in the CJ system are desperate for qualified applicants to fill their ranks. This means that salaries are going up just about everywhere. Furthermore, students should consider broadening their job search to include a nation-wide scope. It can at times be worth it to relocate for a substantially higher salary. Lastly, CJ professionals should consider an advanced degree in the field, such as the top-ranked MSCJ program at Georgia College & State University. This is one of the most effective ways to increase salary and long-term earning potential in the CJ system.
What general advice would you give to a Law Enforcement Instructor?
Jonathan Varnado: Start gaining experience. In criminal justice, we often get students who are interested in becoming FBI agents, Secret Service, DEA, etc. While we do see students go straight into these agencies after graduation, sometimes they have to wait for an opening with their ideal agency. In the meantime, they could start gaining valuable experience with other agencies. It's important to understand that their dream career won't fall into their lap. They should actively be working towards meeting and exceeding the preferred qualifications for the career they desire. This also may mean obtaining an advanced degree, learning more skills, or completing an internship. In fact, I normally tell incoming freshmen that they should start looking at job postings well before graduating.
What will help Law Enforcement Instructors increase their earning potential?
Jonathan Varnado: I think one thing that we tend to forget is that a police officer is rarely just 'a police officer.' They will take on community projects. They will teach classes. They may work with kids as a resource officer. The same goes for any career in criminal justice. So it is important to build other skills that make you more valuable to your agency, and the community at-large. Understanding the broad nature of your career is the first step; then it's important to evaluate your own strengths, and then see how you can apply these in your career.
What general advice would you give to a Law Enforcement Instructor?
Jason Dobrow PhD: Simply put, technology. We are already seeing technological advances in the field ranging from Body Cameras to a lot of the great work going on with Cyber Security. That should only increase in the next 3 to 5 years. Being comfortable with technology and being willing to adapt and learn is crucial to any field in the current time, Criminal Justice being no exception. The increasing use of AI is also interesting and something that all practitioners should familiarize themselves with.
What Law Enforcement Instructor skills would you recommend for someone trying to advance their career?
Jason Dobrow PhD: The general advice I would give for graduates beginning their careers in the fields of Criminal Justice is to be flexible. Similar to any field, the job market for Criminal Justice is competitive. Certainly, there are opportunities available in many areas in and related to the field but it's not typically realistic to get one's dream job right away. Being flexible allows one to gain some experience as well as gain skills that can ultimately lead to one's desired career in the field.
What will help Law Enforcement Instructors increase their earning potential?
Jason Dobrow PhD: See the first answer. Flexibility is one of the best ways to maximize salary potential in the field. If a job is hard to fill (which many jobs in Criminal Justice are) there might be a signing bonus. Additionally at times, there is overtime pay (holidays, non-peak hours, etc.). Being flexible and taking undesired shifts or even a job that might be hard to fill could result in increased earnings. Additionally, specific skills. Technological skills are important and could help maximize future earnings. Finally, being bilingual. There are jobs that look for people who speak more than one language and at times those who possess these language skills often get paid more.
Gregg Etter
Professor of Criminal Justice & CriminologyUniversity of Central Missouri
Criminal Justice And Corrections
What general advice would you give to a Law Enforcement Instructor?
Gregg Etter: Most criminal justice jobs are civil service. (except lawyers which require law school) My best advice to new applicants is to know what you are doing. Look up the agency’s website and look at what they do and their hiring process. Contact a recruiter and get an information packet. Look at their hiring requirements. Is there a written exam? If so, purchase a study guide. Practicing the sample tests will raise your score 10-15%. Is there a physical agility test? Make sure you can meet or exceed the physical requirements. Be mobile, apply everywhere. If you put all your eggs in one basket and apply to a single agency, you may be very disappointed. Make sure your application is immaculate. Know all the names, addresses, e-mails and telephone numbers of all current and former employers, as well as all references. Criminal justice work is detail work. A sloppy application will get rejected.
What Law Enforcement Instructor skills would you recommend for someone trying to advance their career?
Gregg Etter: Civil service jobs pay rates are set by the government that you work for. Pay raises are usually based on some type of seniority. However, promotions usually come with a pay raise. Learn new skills and make yourself promotable. The more you learn often works out to the more you earn.
What will help Law Enforcement Instructors increase their earning potential?
Gregg Etter: Skills that are valuable in this field include critical thinking, problem-solving, and puzzle-solving (You have to figure out who did it and be able to prove it.) Computer skills are becoming more and more important. Take every in-service training class on how to do technical things that is offered and your administration will let you go to. People skills have always been important and are becoming more so each day. De-escalation is much better than force. Learn these skills.
Dr. Chris Sharp
Assistant Professor of Criminal JusticeNewberry College
Department of Social and Behavioral Science
What skills stand out on Law Enforcement Instructor resumes?
Dr. Chris Sharp: For instructors, I look for those that have not only been in the field in some capacity but have taken the theory learned in the classroom and found ways to apply it. I want to know what innovative things they have done in their department (Crisis Intervention Team, De-escalation, Mental Health Training, Peer Mentoring, etc.). Importantly, did they do something beyond "just their job"? Also, what are the extracurriculars? You can tell a lot about a person about where they focus their free time. If their focus is on family, civic organizations, church, etc., it shows a commitment to a stable community, starting with the family.
What soft skills should all Law Enforcement Instructors possess?
Dr. Chris Sharp: The ability to connect with people where they are. Ask them questions, find out something about them, and then relate something similar to you to show that common bond. Don't be afraid to open yourself up and become vulnerable; none of us are a rock. Once you make the connection, find what motivates them or gains compliance, and use that to get them to do what you need them to do. If you're a leader, that may mean initiating change. If you're a line officer, that may mean talking someone into handcuffs instead of a takedown. As a fugitive recovery officer with over 1,000 arrests in 3.5 years, I can count on one hand the number of physical altercations I had. It starts with establishing mutual respect, even to those that may not have earned it yet. Learn a foreign language. You never know when you will need it, especially in a high tourist area.
What hard/technical skills are most important for Law Enforcement Instructors?
Dr. Chris Sharp: Know how to write succinctly, clearly, and well. Your file will end up in court and will reflect you. The last thing you want to do is seem unsure, uneducated, or incompetent because you don't know how to write.
What skills will help Law Enforcement Instructors earn the most?
Dr. Chris Sharp: Knowing strategic planning, budgeting, budget execution, and public policy analysis will give you the higher-level skills you need to move up in your career. There are certification programs out there. Find them and get certified. Also, understand human resources; not just managing people but leading people. This will make you a force in your organization.
Mark Fischler
Professor of Criminal Justice, Program CoordinatorPlymouth State University
Criminal Justice Department
What soft skills should all Law Enforcement Instructors possess?
Mark Fischler: Emotional intelligence is key. Must be able to relate with others and make connections, or you will not be successful.
What hard/technical skills are most important for Law Enforcement Instructors?
Mark Fischler: The ability to write clearly and concisely. To be successful, one must communicate through the written word no matter what job one takes in the criminal justice field.
What skills stand out on Law Enforcement Instructor resumes?
Mark Fischler: The ability to see the world from an interdisciplinary perspective. The world is complex.
What skills will help Law Enforcement Instructors earn the most?
Mark Fischler: The ability to speak multiple languages. The world is getting smaller in the sense that we can connect with people all over the world. To have a skillset to speak another language will distinguish you from the rest.
What hard/technical skills are most important for Law Enforcement Instructors?
Bianca Harris: Strategic planning, management, public speaking, Microsoft Suite, and email communication are the most important.
What skills will help Law Enforcement Instructors earn the most?
Bianca Harris: Public speaking, strategic planning, and management skills.
What skills stand out on Law Enforcement Instructor resumes?
Bianca Harris: Along with experience in at least one aspect of Criminal Justice, the skills of a Criminal Justice instructor that stand out surround communication, attention to detail, above-average writing, logical thinking, strategic planning, training in trauma and substance use disorder, multi-lingual, and previous supervisory experience.
What soft skills should all Law Enforcement Instructors possess?
Bianca Harris: Communication, integrity, and work ethic are the most important.
Stephanie Lake
Director of the Criminal Justice ProgramAdelphi University
Sociology and Criminal Justice, College of Arts and Sciences
What skills stand out on Law Enforcement Instructor resumes?
Stephanie Lake: Employers want to know that students have developed critical thinking, research, and writing skills and can demonstrate proficiency with concrete examples. Students should highlight any experiential learning endeavors, including internships, quantitative or qualitative research projects, research assistantships, and other work done in the community that demonstrates problem-solving and communication skills. The ability to successfully navigate and communicate with diverse populations is a big plus. For this reason, the interdisciplinary criminal justice program at Adelphi is firmly grounded in the social sciences - Anthropology, Sociology, Psychology, Political Science, and traditional Criminal Justice. Students develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills by exploring criminological theory related to crime, the law, and criminal justice policy and working with diverse cultures and populations.
What soft skills should all Law Enforcement Instructors possess?
Stephanie Lake: Soft skills: see above. Critical thinking, written and oral communication skills. Students must demonstrate the ability to express themselves well in writing and verbally and communicate within a diverse population. Active listening skills are also valued when dealing in stressful or contentious situations where data collection and mediation may be required.
What hard/technical skills are most important for Law Enforcement Instructors?
Stephanie Lake: Hard/Technical skills: Computer: Quantitative Research skills, including proficiency with data collection, manipulation, and statistical analysis (SPSS and other social science software), and experience with crime databases. Ability to research legal precedent and theory in the peer-reviewed literature.
What skills will help Law Enforcement Instructors earn the most?
Stephanie Lake: Depending on the type of job in the field, analytical and writing skills (law); quantitative and statistical skills (criminal justice policy assessment and evaluation); a double major in criminal justice and psychology or master's degree in forensic psychology (intervention and counseling).
Joe Bouchard
LibrarianKeweenaw Bay Ojibwa Community College
Student Services - Library and Criminal Justice Instructor
How have salaries changed over time for Law Enforcement Instructors?
Joe Bouchard: In my experience, wages have risen steadily. This will need to continue, as the need for new staff increases due to a glut of retirees. Also, this is a stressful field and wages should match the intense pressure.
What are the biggest trends we'll see in the Law Enforcement Instructor job market given the pandemic?
Joe Bouchard: Employers will need to be ready to answer policy and procedure questions regarding personal protection against infection for some applicants and interviewees.
In general, I do not foresee a diminished flow of new professionals. Of course, as some agencies have a population bubble of retirees, many more new recruits are needed to fill the gap.
What technical skills for a Law Enforcement Instructor stand out to employers?
Joe Bouchard: Basic computer skills remain a must as agencies go more and more digital. Also, netiquette will be necessary to maintain professionalism. One does not need smile face emojis on official documents. As non-traditional or older applicants enter the field, it behooves agencies to consider the differing learning curves for the multi-generational workforce and incorporate into technology training.
Basic skills such as clear communication (written and spoken) will always be important to employers, no matter the level of technology. Applicants who can comprehend and speak mandatory terms (shall, will, must) and discretionary terms (may, could, should) that occur in policy directives and operating procedures will be valuable to any organization.
What certifications/licenses/courses can have the biggest impact for Law Enforcement Instructors?
Jodi Gill: In criminal justice, our "business" is people and being able to think critically and quickly in responding to them. In addition to required courses in the major, I always suggest students take courses in Psychology (at a minimum, an introductory course). Our society is also more diverse and global, so any classes which increase knowledge and understanding of other cultures are helpful. Foreign language skills are beneficial in the field, as well.
Are there any particularly good places in the United States for Law Enforcement Instructors to find work opportunities?
Jodi Gill: Our field is not dependent on geography, and there are needs everywhere! Right now, it is an exciting time as governments are exploring additional ways to address issues beyond law enforcement. For example, restorative justice, mediation, and other community-related programs can proactively prevent crime before it happens. A degree in criminal justice can prepare graduates to successfully contribute to these initiatives in very meaningful ways.
What's a good job out of college for Law Enforcement Instructors?
Jodi Gill: There really is no "typical day" in this field, which is why I enjoy it so much! At any point in time, criminal justice professionals are required to pivot and adapt. Coursework in criminal justice prepares individuals for changing times and circumstances, and our graduates are prepared to meet those challenges!
Mary Wuestewald
InstructorUniversity of Arkansas - Fort Smith
Department of Criminal Justice
Will there be an enduring impact of the coronavirus pandemic on Law Enforcement Instructors?
Mary Wuestewald: I think Covid-19 will have an enduring impact on all realms of life. Specifically for graduates, the success of various industries has been affected which will affect their job prospects, at least in the immediate future. They will need to take this into consideration when planning their careers. They will also need to be tech-savvy, as many businesses and organizations have had to learn to rely on virtual interaction. On a practical note, I foresee significant economic impacts associated, in part, with Covid-19, so they will need to plan accordingly.
What type of skills will young Law Enforcement Instructors need?
Mary Wuestewald: They need to have sharp technological skills. No matter the extent of technological advancement, however, graduates need good writing skills. Writing will always be a critical component of communication. They need to be able to articulate their points of view in a clear and non-aggressive manner. They need to be able to compromise, accept constructive criticism, and show responsibility and dedication to their work. Increasingly, they need to be open to a diversity of opinions and know how to interact appropriately when they encounter someone with opposing viewpoints.
What experience really stands out on Law Enforcement Instructor resumes?
Mary Wuestewald: Many employers look for the completion of at least a bachelor's degree, as this communicates an ability to set and achieve goals, as well as a desire for self-improvement. If they are aiming for employment in a criminal justice-related field, it helps if applicants have some type of practical experience in addition to their education. Such experience doesn't need to be fancy. It could simply be the completion of an internship at a CJ-related agency. I personally take a close look at letters of recommendation. Are they of the garden variety or was their former employer/professor/colleague genuinely impressed by this individual?
Will there be an enduring impact of the coronavirus pandemic on Law Enforcement Instructors?
Dr. Matthew Hassett Ph.D.: COVID-19 and responses to the coronavirus have impacted most aspects of daily life in one way or another. While graduates may be impacted in certain ways for the time being, I do not believe that there will be a severe enduring negative impact on those in the justice field. Moreover, if justice graduates were to attempt to take an optimistic view of the current situation, it could be argued that the recent pandemic further cemented the importance of obtaining a criminal justice degree. Pandemics, tragedies, and other difficult situations hopefully remind the general public how important those who pursue careers in public service are to our society - including those in the field of criminal justice.
What type of skills will young Law Enforcement Instructors need?
Dr. Matthew Hassett Ph.D.: Beyond the obvious specific skills that someone would need to be successful, young graduates should possess some degree of several general skills that may not always be immediately thought of when entering a justice field. For instance, I have served as a reference for several former graduates when they entered the job market and have been interviewed myself by their prospective employers. Some of the most common skills that I was asked about related to a job candidate was their ability to work with others, lead, critically think, orally communicate, and write. The further development of any of these skills would better position a young graduate.
What experience really stands out on Law Enforcement Instructor resumes?
Dr. Matthew Hassett Ph.D.: First, I do not believe that the importance of a college degree and its impact when searching for jobs should be understated. Additionally, however, having any type of real-world experience would only make a candidate's resume more attractive. I have seen beneficial experience range from military service to prior positions of employment within a justice capacity to internships completed during one's pursuit of their degree.
Dr. James Ford Ph.D.
Professor of Criminal JusticeSaint Elizabeth University
Criminal Justice Department
Will there be an enduring impact of the coronavirus pandemic on Law Enforcement Instructors?
Dr. James Ford Ph.D.: The coronavirus pandemic has impacted many of our graduates. Some first-year students have missed their first-year experience as freshmen when they normally would be engaged in social and academic activities. Some colleges and universities went entirely remote while allowing science and art courses to be conducted in-person. Other schools utilized the hybrid method of learning and most afforded students the option of being remote or in-person. The professors also had the option of being in-person or remote.
My particular program in Justice Administration and Public Service is offered fully online and we are asynchronous which didn't impact the academic learning process. The students were impacted personally but not delivering academically. Our professors were very helpful to all of our students who may have been impacted by Covid-19 and very understanding with due date assignments.
What type of skills will young Law Enforcement Instructors need?
Dr. James Ford Ph.D.: Students will still need a well-rounded education in the discipline of their choice. Good Verbal and Written communication still remains at the forefront as needed in the workforce. Working in groups and with others from diverse cultures and ethnicity is important to prepare for the future. Students have to know that we don't work in our silos, we need to work well with others.
What experience really stands out on Law Enforcement Instructor resumes?
Dr. James Ford Ph.D.: It is my opinion that internships are very important for students. First, it affords the student an opportunity to work in the field that they aspire to belong. It also affords the employer an opportunity to observe and offer a constructive opinion to the students. Most of the students at my university do engage in internships even during the pandemic. Our university also provides workshops on how to dress for success and mock interviews to prepare students for the actual interviews.
What technology do you think will become more important and prevalent for Law Enforcement Instructors in the next 3-5 years?
Dr. David Licate Ph.D.: We are entering an era of "Big Data," where those with the requisite skills can mine vast databases. Whether you are in policing, corrections, law, or the private sector - the ability to use computer information systems, including geographic information systems, will be essential. Creating relational databases, mine for data, and creating interactive crime maps are a few desirable skills. As the field of predictive analytics evolves, we will see more forecasting. Instead of just using a map of where crime has occurred in the past, we can forecast where crime is most likely to happen in the future and pre-position resources to deal with it before it happens. Technology that identified high-risk people and places would continue to evolve and help prevent, not a reaction to, crime.
How would you rate the starting salaries for Law Enforcement Instructors, as well as the prospects for salary advancement?
Dr. David Licate Ph.D.: Criminal Justice is a broad field. Students enter careers in policing as officers and investigators, corrections as probation/parole officers and treatment specialists, courts and law as bailiffs and lawyers, and the private sector in various risk management and security administration jobs. Jobs in policing begin in the $60,000 range with regular increases throughout the career. At the federal level, agents can be at 100,000 within the first decade on the job. I have included a slide presentation that divides the field into various job tracks. Again, the area is vast. You can be an FBI agent, forensic technician, Money Laundering Investigator for a bank, counselor, crime and intelligence analyst, a physical security specialist for a chemical factory...you can have a job at all levels of government and the private sector. Salaries and career paths vary widely.
What general advice would you give to a Law Enforcement Instructor?
Dr. David Licate Ph.D.: I tell graduates that it is necessary to build a network of peers and mentors. Criminal Justice careers are information-driven. Changes in law, policy, and technology happen always. New professionals can learn best practices and stay on top of their field by communicating with peers and more experienced professionals. Participation in professional associations and reading trade, government, and academic publications can help professionals problem-solve and prepare them for career advancement. College graduates should not forget that they are educated to make evidence-based and data-driven decisions and be agents of positive change when they get on the job.
What experience really stands out on Law Enforcement Instructor resumes?
Jim Kerns: The experiences that stand out for criminal justice agencies can include all life skills that involve problem-solving, critical thinking, and good communication skills. Agencies are looking for people who are mature in their lives and their decision-making processes.
Many people do not give themselves enough credit for the life skills that they develop during their youth. Leadership skills; were you a sports captain, held a leadership position in your youth group and created a legacy program at your school? Agencies want well-rounded people that have been involved in activities like philanthropic endeavors, volunteering in the community, and getting involved in helping their community become more muscular.
The best way to look at your resume is to review the job description you are applying for and then address each quality or qualification on the job description. Resumes should be tailored to the agency you are using. Resumes may include past job-related experience, identified skills required for the job, and soft skills that make the candidate the most attractive candidate for the job.
How do you envision technology impacting Law Enforcement Instructors in the next 5 years?
Jim Kerns: Technology continues to grow and become more critical in the career field of criminal justice. Technology is rapidly developing and constantly changing. Body-worn cameras have become a new norm for many police agencies. Now, police agencies are looking to use cell phone video as their primary body-worn cameras.
Increased cybersecurity technology is helping law enforcement to combat world criminal enterprises.
Technology such as doorbell cameras, video surveillance cameras, traffic cameras, and facial recognition software is continuously updated and used more significantly in criminal investigations.
Will there be an enduring impact of the coronavirus pandemic on Law Enforcement Instructors?
Jim Kerns: Coronavirus has had a significant impact on our world. The pandemic's current state shows over 238,000 deaths and over 10 million people contracting the disease in the United States alone. There are so many unknowns about the long-lasting effects of the condition that it is difficult to determine our country's long-term effects.
As far as the pandemic effect on graduates, we have seen a reduction of internship opportunities for students to gain experiential learning. Where most criminal justice opportunities exist, government agencies are very hesitant to take on college interns during the pandemic.
The lack of opportunities stems from agencies being restricted by mandates from local leaders. Agencies are also trying to learn how to do their jobs remotely and cannot host internships while they are learning themselves.
New graduates may be entering the criminal justice field with less experiential learning and thus have less certainty of what they would like to pursue in the area. Additionally, fewer in-person classes can mean fewer interpersonal interactions. If this trend continues, criminal justice graduates could be ill-prepared for the extensive interpersonal communication skills needed in the criminal justice field.
Mario Paparozzi Ph.D.
Professor, Chairman, New Jersey State Parole Board (retired) and/or Past President, American Probation and Parole AssociationUniversity of North Carolina at Pembroke
Department of Sociology and Criminal Justice
What general advice would you give to a Law Enforcement Instructor?
Mario Paparozzi Ph.D.: Rely on your presentation as much as you may want to rely on a college degree. A college degree helps to "open doors." Once a door is open, even a little, it is up to the individual to "carry the ball across the finish line." Always remember that a college degree does not make up for deficiencies in an individual's presentation to the "professional/career world." An individual's presentation includes good interpersonal communication skills, using proper grammar when speaking and writing, and dressing for the career you seek. Finally, always remember that criminal justice means "justice for all." This includes career colleagues, criminal offenders, and the community. If an individual is not able to embrace righteousness for everyone, then he should seek another profession.
What technology do you think will become more important and prevalent for Law Enforcement Instructors in the next 3-5 years?
Mario Paparozzi Ph.D.: Advances in technology are difficult to foresee, and they often happen unexpectedly. It is essential that graduates stay abreast of all aspects of technology and how they may enhance efficiency and effectiveness in specific career choices. It appears that artificial intelligence will experience significant advances and become more prominent in the educational, healthcare, and business sectors. Artificial intelligence will likely play a central role in criminal profiling and a variety of forensic applications.
How would you rate the starting salaries for Law Enforcement Instructors, as well as the prospects for salary advancement?
Mario Paparozzi Ph.D.: The starting salaries in criminal justice careers vary by occupation and jurisdiction. The most promising path for a personally rewarding and lucrative career in criminal justice is to "get one's foot in the door" through entry-level positions. Even though entry-level positions may not seem gratifying or financially rewarding, they are the best pathway into the places that criminal justice graduates dream about obtaining. Graduates must remember that the coveted careers in criminal justice will go to those already working in the field. A graduate should not expect one of those positions only by dint of a college degree. A college degree is necessary, but not sufficient, for obtaining a challenging, gratifying, and financially rewarding career; practical experience counts!
What are the best companies to work for a Law Enforcement Instructor?
Scott Hoke Ph.D.: Many CRJ jobs are either government-related or are tied to non-profit organizations. Local, county, state, and federal government positions offer several benefits, including benefits packages and job stability. Posts in this area are also the most sought after and may take a while for the candidate to work through the hiring process. It is not unusual for the entire process to be measured in months as compared to weeks.
Since the criminal justice system is one of the largest employment sectors, people often underestimate the work scope. Many non-profit organizations work with offenders, families. And victims in the criminal justice system. These organizations tend to have higher turnover rates, and it may be easier to find vacancies. Lastly, there are several non-profit organizations that work with issues surrounding community improvement. Although the pay may not be as high as other criminal justice system areas, the work is often quite rewarding.
Will there be an increase or decrease in demand for Law Enforcement Instructors in the next 5 years?
Scott Hoke Ph.D.: Post-pandemic, I think you will see a strong job market in criminal justice. In some areas of the country, police organizations struggle to find enough qualified candidates to fill open positions. It would appear that, in some sectors of the criminal justice market, demand is outpacing supply.
Are there any particularly good places in the United States for Law Enforcement Instructors to find work opportunities?
Scott Hoke Ph.D.: Are there any particularly useful places in the United States for graduates to find work opportunities in this field after they graduate? The answer to that question depends on what the student would like to do as a career. If the student has an interest in federal law enforcement, as an example, then those types of jobs are more likely to be found in major cities.
But local, county, and state law enforcement jobs can be found in any area of the country. The most significant barrier to employment is if the student narrows their focus to a particular city or region. Expanding the possibilities beyond local borders allows the individual to pursue more opportunities. Logic would suggest that smaller towns or areas offer smaller options.
What are the biggest trends we'll see in the Law Enforcement Instructor job market given the pandemic?
Scott Hoke Ph.D.: Concerning trends, I don't think the criminal justice system is as sensitive to hiring trends as other employment markets. Police and law enforcement organizations function that same in almost any environment. If there is any change in the employment outlook, it will come from the impact that pandemic may have on non-profit organizations. Many client-based non-profit organizations may see funding interruptions or changes in the method of delivery. That may lead to a reduction in the number of available jobs.
What technology do you think will become more important and prevalent for Law Enforcement Instructors in the next 3-5 years?
Scott Hoke Ph.D.: As with society in general, the delivery of services through remote services may last for awhile. Many non-profit organizations may find that the delivery of services is more effective using digital platforms. More narrowly, concerning law enforcement, geographical software's use, and understanding will continue to become important. Understanding the geographic distribution of calls-for-service allows departments to deploy resources more effectively.
What are the biggest trends we'll see in the Law Enforcement Instructor job market given the pandemic?
Dr. Virginia Beard: -First, as a result of not just the pandemic but also as a result of retirement and many officers leaving the profession because of the social climate and impact on law enforcement, there will be a significant number of openings in law enforcement. Therefore, there will be a considerable push to recruit officers, and if there are unwilling job candidates, then we may see, as we have in the past, a lowering of the standards for hiring (not always a good thing).
-I believe that public policy in criminal justice will become one of the more focused upon avenues for individuals as they navigate the system and complete advocacy work in this manner.
What technology do you think will become more important and prevalent for Law Enforcement Instructors in the next 3-5 years?
Dr. Virginia Beard: -Body cameras will continue to expand in usage across the United States police department.
-Research on other "less than lethal" weapons will continue and develop more and better weapons to incorporate into the use of force continuum.
Will there be an increase or decrease in demand for Law Enforcement Instructors in the next 5 years?
Dr. Virginia Beard: -There will be BOTH. The field includes a diverse array of professions. There will be an increased demand for police. Increased demand for graduates with advanced degrees in public policy. The need for lawyers is decreasing as the market is full.
David Bugg
Chair and Associate ProfessorSUNY Potsdam
Sociology
What are the biggest trends we'll see in the Law Enforcement Instructor job market given the pandemic?
David Bugg: Many police departments are experiencing hiring freezes because they are experiencing economic uncertainty from their funding sources due to lost tax revenue. I think going forward we will continue to see slow rates of hiring as the economy stabilizes.
What technology do you think will become more important and prevalent for Law Enforcement Instructors in the next 3-5 years?
David Bugg: I think several technologies will become more important and prevalent in the next 3-5 years. In no particular order:
-Body-worn cameras: as potentially racially motivated incidents and allegations of officer misconduct continue to gain national attention; departments will continue to turn to this technology to share video and audio of events, especially as alternatives to costly data storage fees become available in terms of affordable storage for small and midsize departments, who have generally been priced out of using this technology for this very reason.
-Social media: as new platforms emerge and the need for criminal investigations to utilize social media to build and conduct investigations grows, even small and midsize departments are spending time training officers for cyber investigations and dedicating the task of crime analysts to examining social media for investigative purposes.
-Uncrewed aerial vehicles: with decreasing budgets removing the ability of many departments to be able to access helicopters for drug interdiction, general uses such as pursuits, and for assistance in search and rescue operations, UAVs will become a logical alternative as they can perform many of these operations at a fraction of the cost. Ease of operation and lower costs for the technology make them highly accessible to law enforcement for these reasons.
-Encryption: the threat of cyber attacks against government institutions means law enforcement increasingly has to be concerned with cybersecurity-related issues. Given the sensitive nature of information about open criminal investigations, law enforcement has to navigate the encryption of data on networks and devices as more and more portable devices are used by agencies to perform their routine functions.
Will there be an increase or decrease in demand for Law Enforcement Instructors in the next 5 years?
David Bugg: There is a genuine potential for a decrease in demand for graduates in this field over the next five years. The "perfect storm" of the pandemic, calls for police reform, and just general social unrest with government institutions, in general, has created a climate for law enforcement and criminal justice that I have never seen in the 20 years I've been working and teaching in the field. Some agencies will continue to grow, as long as they can remain insulated from these concerns. However, for many agencies, who are already experiencing problems maintaining staffing sizes given economic constraints, the need may remain for hiring. Still, the budgets will likely manifest until the economy recovers, and public and political sentiment favors expenditures on criminal justice-related hiring.
What are the biggest trends we'll see in the Law Enforcement Instructor job market given the pandemic?
Vera Lopez Ph.D.: In terms of the academic market for our graduate students, I think there will be a trend toward hiring graduates who can teach online.
What technology do you think will become more important and prevalent for Law Enforcement Instructors in the next 3-5 years?
Vera Lopez Ph.D.: Videoconferencing technology such as Zoom, as well as other programs that facilitate online learning.
Will there be an increase or decrease in demand for Law Enforcement Instructors in the next 5 years?
Vera Lopez Ph.D.: Students in the School of Social Transformation learn about some of the most pressing social, political, economic, and environmental justice issues of our time. Many of our courses focus on what students can do to affect social transformation in their local and global communities. Undoubtedly, students will be able to apply these skills in the real world in various settings ranging from community-based organizations to schools.