Os-direct history

It is generally thought that the first operating system used for real work was GM-NAA I/O, produced in 1956 by General Motors' Research division for its IBM 704.

Burroughs Corporation introduced the B5000 in 1961 with the MCP (Master Control Program) operating system.

The first serious timesharing system, CTSS (Compatible Time Sharing System), was developed at M.I.T. on a specially modified 7094 (Corbato´ et al., 1962). However, timesharing did not really become popular until the necessary protection hardware became widespread during the third generation.

1969, Unix: Developed by AT&T Bell Labs programmers Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, Douglas McIlroy, and Joe Ossanna.

After 1972 the Multics system for General Electric Co.’s GE 645 computer (and later for Honeywell Inc.’s computers) became the most sophisticated system, with most of the multiprogramming and time-sharing capabilities that later became standard.

In 1974, when Intel came out with the 8080, the first general-purpose 8-bit CPU, it wanted an operating system for the 8080, in part to be able to test it.

In 1977, Digital Research rewrote CP/M to make it suitable for running on the many microcomputers using the 8080, Zilog Z80, and other CPU chips.

Since virtually all video game consoles and arcade cabinets designed and built after 1980 were true digital machines (unlike the analog Pong clones and derivatives), some of them carried a minimal form of BIOS or built-in game, such as the ColecoVision, the Sega Master System and the SNK Neo Geo.

The BIOS on the IBM-PC class machines was an extension of this idea and has accreted more features and functions in the 20 years since the first IBM-PC was introduced in 1981.

In 1985, Microsoft released Microsoft Windows, which popularized the Operating System even more.

As an aside, it is worth mentioning that in 1987, the author released a small clone of UNIX, called MINIX, for educational purposes.

1991, Linux: Developed by Linus Torvalds as a free Unix variant.

1993, Windows NT: Developed by Microsoft as a high-end server Operating System, the NT code became the basis for Operating Systems to this day.

The history of UNIX has been told elsewhere (e.g., Salus, 1994). Part of that story will be given in Chap.

1995, Windows95: Developed by Microsoft, it was the first Microsoft Operating system to have a graphical user interface built into it.

A book describing its internal operation and listing the source code in an appendix is also available (Tanenbaum and Woodhull, 1997). MINIX is available for free (including all the source code) over the Internet at URL http://www.cs.vu.nl/~ast/minix.html.

In 1998, a slightly modified version of this system, called Windows 98 was released.

The cover of Silberschatz et al. (2000) makes a similar point about operating systems being dinosaurs.

2007, Windows Vista: Developed by Microsoft, Windows Vista had been slow in taking off.

Retrieved 26 November 2008. ^ "JRockit's Liquid VM could be the first real Java OS". http://www.theserverside.com/news/thread.tss?thread_id=43424.

2009, Windows 7: Developed by Microsoft to replace Vista, “Win7” is currently used by over 50% of internet users.

Usage share of operating systems — Usage share of web client operating systems. (Source: Median values from Usage share of operating systems for August 2011.) Windows XP ( … Wikipedia