Pennsylvania Office of Attorney General history

In Scotland Yard…Scotland Yard set up its Criminal Investigation Department (CID) in 1878.

He met Roosevelt in 1892 when they both spoke at a reform meeting in Baltimore.

Eight days later, on September 14, 1901, McKinley was dead, and his vice president Teddy Roosevelt took the oval office.

In keeping with the Progressive Era tradition of federal assistance to localities, the Department of Justice created a Bureau of Criminal Identification in 1905 in order to provide a centralized reference collection of fingerprint cards.

The chain of events was set in motion in 1906, when Roosevelt appointed a likeminded reformer named Charles Bonaparte as his second Attorney General.

By 1907, when he wanted to send an investigator out to gather the facts or to help a United States Attorney build a case, he was usually borrowing operatives from the Secret Service.

In a complicated, political showdown with Congress, involving what lawmakers charged was Roosevelt’s grab for executive power, Congress banned the loan of Secret Service operatives to any federal department in May 1908.

In March 1909, Attorney General George W. Wickersham named this force the Bureau of Investigation (BOI).

In 1910, for example, the Bureau took the investigative lead on the newly passed Mann Act or “White Slave Traffic Act,” an early attempt to halt interstate prostitution and human trafficking.

Finch became Commissioner of White Slavery Act violations in 1912, and former Special Examiner A. Bruce Bielaski became the new Bureau of Investigation Chief.

By 1915, Congress had increased Bureau personnel more than tenfold, from its original 34 to about 360 special agents and support personnel.

June 15, 1917 Congress passed the Espionage Act of 1917.

William J. Flynn, former head of the Secret Service, became Director of the Bureau of Investigation in July 1919 and was the first to use that title.

As Acting Director, Gray appointed the first women as Special Agents since the 1920s.

With the return of the country to "normalcy" under President Warren G. Harding in 1921, the Bureau of Investigation returned to its pre-war role of fighting the few federal crimes.

By 1922, many large cities had started their own fingerprint collections.

Stone then, on May 10, 1924, selected Hoover to head the Bureau of Investigation.

As a result, law enforcement agencies across the country began contributing fingerprint cards to the Bureau of Investigation by 1926.

Then, in January 1928, Hoover established a formal training course for new Agents.

The Superintendent had an office at the State Penitentiary in Bismarck (S. L. 1929.

1931 Legislation expanded the role of the Superintendent (S. L. 1931, Ch.

The Bureau of Investigation was renamed the United States Bureau of Investigation on July 1, 1932.

Then, beginning July 1, 1933, the Department of Justice experimented for almost two years with a Division of Investigation that included the Bureau of Prohibition.

Then in May and June 1934, with gangsters like John Dillinger evading capture by crossing over state lines, it passed a number of federal crime laws that significantly enhanced the Bureau's jurisdiction.

In 1935 Hoover founded a national academy to train special agents in police methods.

Authority to investigate these organizations came in 1936 with President Roosevelt's authorization through Secretary of State Cordell Hull.

In late 1940, Congress reestablished the draft.

War for the United States began December 7, 1941, when Japanese armed forces attacked ships and facilities at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.

In early 1942, investigations of crimes committed by military personnel were considered to be a "command function" to be conducted by local military police personnel.

In December 1943, The Provost Marshal General was charged with providing staff supervision over all criminal investigations.

The Criminal Investigation Division of The Provost Marshal General's Office was established in January 1944.

In April 1945, President Roosevelt died, and Vice President Harry Truman took office as President.

After President Truman closed the SIS in 1946 these agent liaisons formed the basis of the FBI's Legal Attache (Legat) Program.

On November 23, Larry Wu Tai Chin, a former CIA analyst, was arrested on charges of spying for the People’s Republic of China since 1952.

After the Korean War ended, the number of Agents stabilized at about 6,200, while the budget began a steady climb in 1957.

102). In 1963 the duties of office of the Superintendent of Criminal Identification were transferred from the State Warden to the Attorney General.

A Department of Defense study in 1964 called "Project Security Shield" made clear that complete centralization of the Army's criminal investigative effort was needed in order to produce a more efficient and responsive worldwide capability.

In 1965, the Army took the first step towards centralizing command and control of CID elements.

Only after 1966, when the Supreme Court made it clear that federal law could be used to prosecute civil rights violations, were seven men found guilty.

1967 Changes concerned the powers and duties [NDCC 12-60-07] of the Bureau of Criminal Identification (S. L. 1967, Ch.

The Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 provided for the use of court-ordered electronic surveillance in the investigation of certain specified violations.

In March 1971, Secretary of Defense Melvin Laird directed the Secretary of the Army to form a CID command with command and control authority over all Army-wide CID assets.

It would be nearly another half century—May 1972—before social mores would change and women special agents would become a regular and vital part of the FBI.

He was replaced hours after he resigned on April 27, 1973, by William Ruckleshaus, a former Congressman and the first head of the Environmental Protection Agency, who remained until Clarence Kelley's appointment as Director on July 9, 1973.

Then, following impeachment hearings that were broadcast over television to the American public throughout 1974, President Nixon resigned on August 9, 1974.

A major investigation was launched in 1975 by the United States Senate Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities, commonly referred to as the “Church Committee,” for its chairman, Senator Frank Church of Idaho.

In 1978, Director Kelley resigned and was replaced by former federal Judge William H. Webster.

A new section was added to the Century Code [NDCC 39-03] relating to the provision of training at the Law Enforcement Training Center and a repeal [NDCC 12-61] of the statute relating to the Combined Law Enforcement Council (S. L. 1981, Ch.

Wilson JQ, Kelling GL (1982) Broken windows: the police and neighborhood safety.

Eck JE (1983) Solving crimes: the investigation of burglary and robbery.

1985A series of high profile espionage arrests characterized 1985, "the Year of the Spy." In May, the John Walker Spy Ring was arrested.

Executive Assistant Director John E. Otto became Acting Director and served in that position until November 2, 1987.

A major investigation culminating in 1988 unveiled corruption in defense procurement (ILLWIND).

In response to a 40-percent increase in crimes of violence over the previous 10 years, Director Sessions had designated the investigation of violent crime as the FBI's sixth national priority program in 1989.

Federal Bureau of Investigation (1990) FBI: facts and history.

By creating the National Security Threat List, which was approved by the Attorney General in 1991, it changed its approach from defending against hostile intelligence agencies to protecting United States information and technologies.

Also in late 1993, Freeh moved strongly to dramatize the importance of international cooperation on organized crime issues.

As President Clinton was to note in 1994, with the dramatic expansion of the global economy "national security now means economic security."

They have also strongly supported the FBI's efforts to institute standardized training of international police in investigative processes, ethics, leadership, and professionalism: in April 1995, the International Law Enforcement Academy opened its doors in Budapest, Hungary.

In 1996, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act and the Economic Espionage Act were passed in the closing days of the 104th Session of Congress, then signed into law.

The center began operations on December 1, 2003.

In July 2006, the Weapons of Mass Destruction Directorate was created within the NSB to integrate related components previously spread throughout the Bureau.

In June 2009, Madoff was sentenced to 150 years in prison and ordered to forfeit more than $170 billion.

Cite this entry as: Brandl S.G. (2014) History of Criminal Investigation.

The Chief of the Bureau of Criminal Investigation was appointed the Chairman of the Advisory Board. (S. L. 2015, Ch.

In July 2016 she was cleared of criminal impropriety, but Comey effectively reopened the case less than two weeks before the November 8 election by sending a letter to Congress disclosing a review of recently discovered Clinton e-mails.

Cooperating agencies included the Bureau of Criminal Investigation and the Division of State Radio of the Department of Emergency Services (S. L. 2017, Ch.