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$81,000
Average Salary
Geoscientists study the physical aspects of the Earth, such as its composition, structure, and processes, to learn about its past, present, and future.
DutiesGeoscientists typically do the following:
Geoscientists use a wide variety of tools, both simple and complex. During a typical day in the field, they may use a hammer and chisel to collect rock samples and then use ground-penetrating radar equipment to search for oil or minerals. In laboratories, they may use x rays and electron microscopes to determine the chemical and physical composition of rock samples. They may also use remote sensing equipment to collect data, as well as geographic information systems (GIS) and modeling software to analyze the data collected.
Geoscientists often supervise the work of technicians and coordinate work with other scientists, both in the field and in the lab.
Many geoscientists are involved in the search for and development of natural resources, such as petroleum. Others work in environmental protection and preservation, and are involved in projects to clean up and reclaim land. Some specialize in a particular aspect of the Earth, such as its oceans.
The following are examples of types of geoscientists:
Engineering geologists apply geologic principles to civil and environmental engineering. They offer advice on major construction projects and help with other projects, such as environmental cleanup and reducing natural hazards.
Geologists study the materials, processes, and history of the Earth. They investigate how rocks were formed and what has happened to them since their formation. There are subgroups of geologists as well, such as stratigraphers, who study stratified rock, and mineralogists, who study the structure and composition of minerals.
Geochemists use physical and organic chemistry to study the composition of elements found in ground water, such as water from wells or aquifers, and of earth materials, such as rocks and sediment.
Geophysicists use the principles of physics to learn about the Earth’s surface and interior. They also study the properties of Earth’s magnetic, electric, and gravitational fields.
Oceanographers study the motion and circulation of ocean waters; the physical and chemical properties of the oceans; and how these properties affect coastal areas, climate, and weather.
Paleontologists study fossils found in geological formations in order to trace the evolution of plant and animal life and the geologic history of the Earth.
Petroleum geologists explore the Earth for oil and gas deposits. They analyze geological information to identify sites that should be explored. They collect rock and sediment samples from sites through drilling and other methods and test the samples for the presence of oil and gas. They also estimate the size of oil and gas deposits and work to develop sites to extract oil and gas.
Seismologists study earthquakes and related phenomena, such as tsunamis. They use seismographs and other instruments to collect data on these events.
For a more extensive list of geoscientist specialties, visit the American Geosciences Institute.
People with a geoscience background may become postsecondary teachers.
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Geoscientists typically need at least a bachelor’s degree for most entry-level positions. In several states, geoscientists may need a license to offer their services to the public.
EducationGeoscientists need at least a bachelor’s degree for most entry-level positions. However, some workers begin their careers as geoscientists with a master’s degree. A Ph.D. is necessary for most basic research and college teaching positions.
A degree in geoscience is preferred by employers, although a degree in physics, chemistry, biology, mathematics, engineering, or computer science usually is accepted if it includes coursework in geology.
Most geoscience programs include geology courses in mineralogy, petrology, and structural geology, which are important for all geoscientists. In addition to classes in geology, most programs require students to take courses in other physical sciences, mathematics, engineering, and computer science. Some programs include training on specific software packages that will be useful to those seeking a career as a geoscientist.
Computer knowledge is essential for geoscientists. Students who have experience with computer modeling, data analysis, and digital mapping will be the most prepared to enter the job market.
Many employers seek applicants who have gained field and laboratory experience while pursuing a degree. Summer field camp programs offer students the opportunity to work closely with professors and apply their classroom knowledge in the field. Students can gain valuable experience in data collection and geologic mapping.
Important QualitiesCommunication skills. Geoscientists write reports and research papers. They must be able to present their findings clearly to clients or professionals who do not have a background in geoscience.
Critical-thinking skills. Geoscientists base their findings on sound observation and careful evaluation of data.
Interpersonal skills. Most geoscientists work as part of a team with engineers, technicians, and other scientists.
Outdoor skills. Geoscientists may spend significant amounts of time outdoors. Familiarity with camping skills, general comfort being outside for long periods, and specific skills such as boat handling or even being able to pilot an aircraft could prove useful for geoscientists.
Physical stamina. Geoscientists may need to hike to remote locations while carrying testing and sampling equipment when they conduct fieldwork.
Problem-solving skills. Geoscientists work on complex projects filled with challenges. Evaluating statistical data and other forms of information in order to make judgments and inform the actions of other workers requires a special ability to perceive and address problems.
Licenses, Certifications, and RegistrationsSome states require geoscientists to obtain a license to practice. Requirements vary by state but typically include minimum education and experience requirements and a passing score on an exam.
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Do you work as a Petroleum Geologist?
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Average Length of Employment | |
Senior Geologist
5.5 years
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Petroleum Geologist
5.0 years
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Development Geologist
4.3 years
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Consulting Petroleum Geologist
3.7 years
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Exploration Geologist
3.6 years
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Geologist
3.5 years
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Consulting Geologist
3.2 years
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Top Careers Before Petroleum Geologist | |
Geologist
19.0%
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Research Assistant
7.4%
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Consulting Geologist
6.1%
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Senior Geologist
5.5%
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Mud Logger
4.9%
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Internship
4.3%
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Staff Geologist
4.3%
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Geophysicist
3.7%
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Field Geologist
3.7%
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Geology Internship
3.1%
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Seismic Interpreter
2.5%
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Assistant
2.5%
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Vice President
2.5%
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Consultant
2.5%
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Teaching Assistant
1.8%
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Civil Drafter
1.8%
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Top Careers After Petroleum Geologist | |
Geologist
19.4%
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Senior Geologist
12.4%
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Consultant
7.0%
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Consulting Geologist
5.4%
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Project Manager
5.0%
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Senior Advisor
4.3%
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Staff Geologist
3.9%
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Geoscientist
3.5%
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Manager
3.1%
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Teaching Assistant
2.7%
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Exploration Manager
2.7%
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Engineering Director
2.7%
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Research Assistant
2.3%
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Project Geologist
1.9%
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Gender | |
Male 80.1% |
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Female 11.1% |
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Unknown 8.8% |
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Ethnicity | |
White 60.8% |
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Hispanic or Latino 15.0% |
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Black or African American 11.0% |
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Asian 7.9% |
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Unknown 5.3% |
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Foreign Languages Spoken | |
Spanish 50.0% |
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Dakota 25.0% |
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French 25.0% |
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Schools | |
Oklahoma State University 16.2% |
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Midwestern State University 9.5% |
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University of Houston 8.1% |
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Wichita State University 6.8% |
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Colorado School of Mines 6.8% |
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Texas A&M University 5.4% |
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University of Kansas 5.4% |
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University of Texas at Austin 5.4% |
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University of Texas at Arlington 4.1% |
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University of Colorado at Boulder 4.1% |
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University of Oklahoma 4.1% |
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Central State University 2.7% |
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South Dakota School of Mines and Technology 2.7% |
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Tulane University 2.7% |
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Baylor University 2.7% |
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University of New Orleans 2.7% |
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Stephen F Austin State University 2.7% |
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University of Louisiana at Lafayette 2.7% |
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West Virginia University 2.7% |
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University of Southern California 2.7% |
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Majors | |
Geology 75.8% |
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Business 4.9% |
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Geological Engineering 4.4% |
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Management 2.7% |
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Finance 1.1% |
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Engineering 1.1% |
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Environmental Control Technologies/Technicians 1.1% |
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History 1.1% |
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Accounting 1.1% |
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Geography 1.1% |
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Natural Resources Management 0.5% |
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Public Health 0.5% |
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Computer Information Systems 0.5% |
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Biology 0.5% |
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General Education, Specific Areas 0.5% |
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Law 0.5% |
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International Relations 0.5% |
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Environmental Science 0.5% |
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Systems Science And Theory 0.5% |
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Economics 0.5% |
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Degrees | |
Masters 44.0% |
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Bachelors 39.9% |
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Other 8.8% |
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Doctorate 3.6% |
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Certificate 2.1% |
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Diploma 1.0% |
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Associate 0.5% |
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