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Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory history
Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory company history timeline
Magnetic fusion research at Princeton began in 1951 under the code name Project Matterhorn.
As a result of this meeting and a review of the invention by scientists throughout the nation, the stellarator proposal was funded in 1951.
Matterhorn ultimately ended its involvement in the bomb field in 1954, becoming entirely devoted to the fusion power field.
At the next meeting in 1968, the Soviets presented considerable data from their devices that showed even greater performance, about 100 times the Bohm diffusion limit.
When a UK team verified the results in 1969, the AEC suggested PPPL convert their Model C to a tokamak to test it, as the only lab willing to build one from scratch, Oak Ridge, would need some time to build theirs.
Starting in 1975, PLT verified these "scaling laws" and then went on to add neutral beam injection from Oak Ridge that resulted in a series of record-setting plasma temperatures, eventually topping out at 78 million Kelvin, well beyond what was needed for a practical fusion power system.
In April 1986, it demonstrated a combination of density and confinement, the so-called fusion triple product, well beyond what was needed for a practical reactor.
Beginning in 1993, TFTR was the first in the world to use 50/50 mixtures of deuterium-tritium.
In 1994 it yielded an unprecedented 10.7 megawatts of fusion power.
The system continued performing basic studies on these problems until being shut down in 1997.
In 1999, the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX), based on the spherical tokamak concept, came online at the PPPL. Laboratory scientists are collaborating with researchers on fusion science and technology at other facilities, both domestic and foreign.
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In 2015, PPPL completed an upgrade to NSTX to produce NSTX-U that made it the most powerful experimental fusion facility, or tokamak, of its type in the world.
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