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She began her career as a nurse educator in 1924 at the Norfolk Protestant Hospital in Virginia where she was the first and only teacher in the school of nursing.
Dorothea Orem graduated in 1934 from the Providence Hospital School of Nursing in Washington, DC, a diploma school run by the Daughters of Charity.
The 1935 law created financial problems for the counties running nursing homes, because the residents couldn’t qualify for Social Security Old Age Assistance.
The Selfhelp Home has a history unlike any other senior living community in Chicago. It was founded in 1938, in the shadow of the Holocaust, as a purely volunteer mutual aid society where refugees and survivors could find community and rebuild their lives.
With completion of the MSN Ed at Catholic University (1946), Orem became Director of Nursing Service and Education at Provident in Detroit.
In some cases, the 1950 Amendments created a new source of financing for both the operations and the cost of constructing or renovating buildings to meet new licensing standards, and the county poor farm became a nursing home.
Several amendments to the Social Security Act were made in the 1950’s, creating millions of additional people who would have a reliable source of income in their old age.
Various studies in the 1950’s found that about half of the residents in private nursing homes were public assistance recipients and that the federal, state, and local governments were paying about half the total cost of all nursing home care in the country.
Selfhelp officially became a ‘Home” in 1951 when it purchased the old Drexel Mansion in Hyde Park, housing 19 residents.
“A 1953-54 survey of nursing homes found that 90 percent of the patients in proprietary nursing homes were aged 65 or over.
The first ever national inventory of nursing homes was done in 1954.
If all nursing homes had been built under these standards after 1954, some of the quality problems that later emerged might not have occurred.
Ethan was born after the State of Israel was founded and then moved with his family to America in 1955.
In 1956, members of the military and all remaining self-employed persons except doctors joined.
In 1956, amendments to the Social Security Act created a new, and separate, matching program for medical services like nursing home services, a program which would prove to be far more expensive than first anticipated.
In 1958, the amount the government provided was based on the per capita income in the state, so that the federal government paid more than half of the cost of OAA in the poor states, and continued to pay half of the cost in richer states.
Dorothea Orem helped publish the “Guidelines for Developing Curricula for the Education of Practical Nurses” in 1959.
In 1959, a special Senate Subcommittee on “Problems of the Aged and Aging” was established.
In 1971 Orem published Nursing: Concepts of Practice, the work in which she outlines her theory of nursing, the Self-care Deficit Theory of Nursing.
[ii] Sarkis, Jeanne M. and Veronica Conners, 1986.Nursing Research: Historical Background and Teaching Information Strategies, Bull.
In 1987, the Nursing Home Act was introduced to begin defining different types of services and eventually a Residents’ Bill of Rights.
About The Filmmaker- Ethan Bensinger, Director In 2007, Ethan created an archive of personal interviews for The Selfhelp Home that included 30 residents who had been victims of Nazi persecution.
Dorothea Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory , Parker, Marilyn and MarlaineSmith,2010 Nursing Theories and Nursing Practice 3rd ed.
[ii] Alligood, M.T. 2014.Nursing Theory: Utilization & Application.
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