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SEM Products, Inc history
SEM Products, Inc company history timeline
The earliest known work describing the concept of a Scanning Electron Microscope was by M. Knoll (1935) who, along with other pioneers in the field of electron optics, was working in Germany.
Subsequently M. von Ardenne (1938) constructed a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) by adding scan coils to a transmission electron microscope.
The first SEM used to examine the surface of a solid specimen was described by Zworykin et al. (1942), working in the RCA Laboratories in the United States.
Dennis McMullan was followed by Ken Smith (started 1952) who took over SEM1, made a number of improvements to the electron optical system, and improved the efficiency of secondary electron collection.
The third research student on the SEM under Oatley's supervision was O. C. Wells (started 1953), who built a second SEM, also incorporating electrostatic lenses; unlike SEM1, however, this instrument had the gun at the bottom of the column - a configuration considered better for experimental work.
To further this idea Peter Spreadbury, his fifth student (started 1956), built a simple SEM utilising a CRT as a display unit.
Oatley CW and Everhart TE (1957): The examination of p-n junctions in the scanning electron microscope.
Everhart TE, Thornley RFM (1960): Wide-band detector for micro-microampere low-energy electron currents.
The ion beam work was later extended by Alec Broers (started 1961) who improved the ion beam optics of the instrument and added a magnetic objective lens to improve resolution.
According to History.com, on January 1, 1983, researchers began to assemble the “network of networks” that became the modern Internet.
The first well-documented search engine was originally named Archives, later shortened to Archie, debuting in 1990.
Early search engine companies were working to monetize their businesses and this fueled OpenText, a search engine based in Canada, to run the first pay-per-click ads in 1996.
Fast forward two years to 1998 – a big year for search – and enter Larry Page and Sergey Brin, two graduate students studying at Stanford and the founding fathers of Google.
In little over a year, Google was processing 500,000 queries per day and at the turn of the Millennium growth skyrocketed when Google became the client search engine for Yahoo! Google Ads were on Google search results beginning in 2000, at first selling as a monthly service to advertisers.
Google’s advertising system, Google Adwords was launched in 2000 with 350 customers.
In 2004 Yahoo! ended the engagement with Google at a time when it was being searched 200 million times per day.
According to an old article published by The New York Times, SEM was growing faster than traditional advertising as early as 2006.
An increase in digital advertising spend is projected for 2019 with projections rising from $45.81 billion to $48.49 billion.
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