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Critics scoffed when the newly minted United States Shoe Corporation (United States Shoe), incorporated in the fall of 1931, announced that henceforth it would produce for $6 retail the same Red Cross shoe that had been selling at $10.
The United States Shoe Corporation was formed in 1931, with the merger of two shoe manufacturers in Cincinnati, Ohio.
1935 - Paul Sperry experimented with various sole designs for superior traction (after observing his dog's grip on icy surfaces); developed the "Top-Sider"; struck manufacturing deal with Converse
Soon demand exceeded production, and by 1939 the Red Cross shoe had become the most popular brand in the United States.
Blahnik, Manolo, 1942- ; Shoemakers--England--Biography.
At the onset of the war, the American National Red Cross objected to the commercial use of the name Red Cross, and a ban on the use of the name was proposed by the House Foreign Affairs Committee in 1942.
Harold R. Quimby (1946). Pacemakers of Progress; the Story of Shoes and the Shoe Industry (Chicago, IL: Hide and Leather Publishing Co., 346 p.). Shoe industry--History; Footwear industry--United States.
The Red Cross label was reinstated on the condition that the company publicly disclaim any association with the American National Red Cross, and the energetic Joseph S. Stern, Sr., became chairman of the board in 1947, a post he would hold for the next 18 years.
The board of directors of United States Shoe voluntarily suspended use of the name; the Federal Trade Commission allowed the resumption of its use in 1948.
In 1955, when shoe production reached 100,000 pairs a week, more factories had to be bought.
United States Shoe began its diversification in 1955 with the acquisition of Joyce Inc., which produced a popular brand of women's shoe under the Joyce name.
In 1956 the company was listed on the New York Stock Exchange.
In 1957 United States Shoe acquired rights to the brand name Selby.
In 1961 the company entered the lucrative children's shoe market with the purchase of Vaisey-Bristol Shoe Company, maker of Jumping-Jacks and other children's brands.
Also in 1961 United States Shoe formed Imperial Adhesives, Inc., to enable the company to develop its own shoe-manufacturing materials and depend less on outside suppliers.
(Morlands), Russell McDonough (1962). Sheep into Shoes: The Development of Warm-Lined Footware. (Glastonbury, UK: Morlands, 64 p.). Morlands; Footwear industry--Great Britain--History. llustrated history of Morlands warm-lined footwear (on retirement of H F Scott Stokes after 40 years).
Over the next several decades, the company acquired shoe manufacturers, and in 1962, the firm branched out into retail sales when it purchased William Hahn and Company.
(Converse Rubber Shoe Company), Elizabeth Kaufman (1966). American Story. (Penobscot, ME: Traversity Press: Penobscot, Me., Traversity Press, 114 p.). Sister of Converse Owner.
(Bata Shoe), Antonin Cekota (1968). Entrepreneur Extraordinary: The Biography of Tomas Bata. (Rome, Italy: Edizioni Internazionali Sociali, 383 p.). Bata, Tomas; footwear -- history; entrepreneurship.
(C & J. Clark), Kenneth Hudson (1968). Towards Precision Shoemaking: C. & J. Clark Limited and the Development of the British Shoe Industry (London, UK: Newton Abbot, David & Charles, 109 p.). C. & J. Clark Ltd.; Shoe industry--Great Britain--History.
In 1970, the company purchased Casual Corner, a women's apparel firm.
(John Lobb), Brian Dobbs (1972). The Last Shall Be First: The Colourful Story of John Lobb the St James's Bootmakers. (London, UK: Elm Tree Books, 147 p.). John Lobb (Firm); Footwear industry--Great Britain--History.
In 1980 a new office park and complex for United States Shoe was dedicated in Cincinnati.
The largest number of stores belonged to Casual Corner, a highly successful national retail chain; the runner-up was Petite Sophisticate, purchased in 1983 and one of the first major United States chains geared to petite women.
September 1985 - Reebok agreed to pay $118 million in cash for privately-owned walking-shoe manufacturer Rockport
(Red Wing Shoe Company), Patrice Avon Marvin, Nicholas Curchin Vrooman (1986). Heart and Sole: A Story of the Red Wing Shoe Company. (Red Wing, MN: The Company, 293 p.). Red Wing Shoe Company--History; Red Wing (Minn.)--History.
In fact, the clothing division of United States Shoe by 1989 was the second-largest group of women's apparel stores in the United States, almost all of them located in shopping malls.
In 1989 United States Shoe attempted to sell the entire shoe division to an investor group led by Merrill Lynch Capital Partners, which later backed out for reasons not made public.
A new chief executive officer, Bannus B. Hudson, elected in 1990, met with skepticism from industry observers because of his inexperience in shoe and women's apparel retailing.
Accounting irregularities in the company's Marx & Newman subsidiary caused much concern among investors in 1990; United States Shoe took a $7.4 million charge against its earnings and initiated management and policy changes in the unit.
In 1991 United States Shoe decided to sell Ups "N" Downs.
In 1995, the Luxottica Groups SpA eventually acquired the United States Shoe Corporation and continued to operate many of the original company's business ventures.
Tom Vanderbilt (1998). The Sneaker Book: Anatomy of an Industry and an Icon. (New York, NY: New Press, 177 p.). Footwear industry; Sneakers; Athletic shoes.
(Manolo), Colin McDowell (2000). Manolo Blahnik. (New York, NY: HarperCollins, 200 p.). Fashion Historian and Writer.
(Endicott-Johnson), Ed Aswad and Suzanne M. Meredith (2003). Endicott-Johnson. (Portsmouth, NH: Arcadia, 128 p.). Johnson, George F. (George Francis), b.
Giorgio Riello and Peter McNeil (2006). Shoes: A History from Sandals to Sneakers. (New York, NY: Berg, 448 p.). Research Officer in Global History at the London School of Economics; Professor of Design History, University of Technology, Sydney.
A. Benckiser, investment arm of Reimann family),agreed to acquire Jimmy Choo, high-end shoe and accessories company, from TowerBrook Capital Partners (acquired company in 2007), private equity firm, and minority shareholders for undisclosed sum (120 stores, valued company at about $800 million).
Marquis Mills Converse (http://autonomieproject.files.wordpress.com/2008/04/converse.jpg)
Adolf (Adi) Dassler - founder Adidas (http://dripdropmag.files.wordpress.com/2009/09/adidassler1.jpg)
(Jimmy Choo Ltd.), Lauren Goldstein Crowe and Sagra Maceira de Rosen (2009). The Towering World of Jimmy Choo: A Glamorous Story of Power, Profits and the Pursuit of the Perfect Shoe. (New York, NY: Bloomsbury, 240 p.). Fashion Journalist; Head of the Luxury & Retail division of Reig Capital Group.
Jurgen Blumlein, Daniel Schmid, and Dirk Vogel (2009). Made for Skate: The Illustrated History of Skateboard Footwear. (Berkeley, CA: Gingko Press, 400 p.). Skateboarding--United States; Skateboarding--equipment--history.
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| Company name | Founded date | Revenue | Employee size | Job openings |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leonard Buildings & Truck Accessories | 1963 | $33.0M | 150 | - |
| Mrs Fields' Original Cookies Inc | 1996 | $25.0M | 50 | - |
| Mattress Firm | 1986 | $2.5B | 10,000 | 178 |
| Musicland | 1956 | $700.0M | 6,000 | - |
| Wash Depot Holdings, Inc. | 1995 | $2.2M | 20 | - |
| Tops Appliance City Inc | 1970 | $300.0M | 1,025 | - |
| Shurgard Storage Center | - | $1.6M | 10 | - |
| Healthy Back | 1994 | $1.3M | 25 | - |
| Luxury Optical Holdings | 1999 | $25.0M | 250 | - |
| Bermo Enterprises | - | $16.0M | 125 | - |
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