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United Nations history
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At the Yalta Conference of February 1945, the American, British and Russian delegations agreed that each of the "Big Five" could veto any action by the council, but not procedural resolutions, meaning that the permanent members could not prevent debate on a resolution.
The Senate approved the UN Charter on July 28, 1945, by a vote of 89 to 2.
The UN officially came into existence on 24 October 1945 upon ratification of the Charter by the five then-permanent members of the Security Council and by a majority of the other 46 signatories.
The Formation of the United Nations, 1945
The UN’s Membership has grown from the original 51 Member States in 1945 to the current 193 Member States.
On 17 January 1946, the Security Council met for the first time at Church House, Westminster, in London, United Kingdom.
The last Assembly (the twenty-first) of the League of Nations took place in Geneva from 8 to 18 April 1946.
On 1 August 1946, the Palais des Nations, originally built to be the seat of the League of Nations, was transferred to the United Nations.
1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights Opens in new window
In 1951, this Organization was replaced with the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), with its headquarters in Geneva and more than 50 field offices throughout the world.
In 1974, scientists published their first scientific hypotheses that chemicals produced by humans were harming the stratospheric ozone layer.
The year culminated in the World Conference of the International Women's YearOpens in new window held in Mexico City from 19 June to 2 July 1975.
On 25 November 1981, the General Assembly adopted the Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Intolerance and Discrimination Based on Religion or Belief.
Although the CD had long been involved with the issue of a test-ban, only in 1982 did it establish a subsidiary body on the item.
The Treaty on the Protection of the Ozone Layer was adopted on 16 September 1987.
Read the full 16/09/1987 Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone LayerOpens in new window
The Cold War’s end in 1991 brought renewed attention and appeals to the UN. Amid an increasingly volatile geopolitical climate, there were new challenges to established practices and functions, especially in the areas of conflict resolution and humanitarian assistance.
In 1991, the Security Council demonstrated its renewed vigor by condemning the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait on the same day of the attack and later authorizing a US-led coalition that successfully repulsed the Iraqis.
At a time of momentous change, the first summit-level meeting of the United Nations Security Council was held on 31 January, 1992.
The Conference on Disarmament (CD) Opens in new windowbegan its substantive negotiations on a comprehensive nuclear-test-ban treaty in January 1994 within the framework of an Ad Hoc Committee established for that purpose.
In 1994, the United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda failed to intervene in the Rwandan genocide in the face of Security Council indecision.
The Depositary of the Treaty, United Nations Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali, formally opened the Treaty for signatureOpens in new window on 24 September 1996.
The current Secretary-General, and the 9th occupant of the post, is António Guterres of Portugal, who took office on 1 January 2017.
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| Company name | Founded date | Revenue | Employee size | Job openings |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| International Monetary Fund | 1945 | $941.8M | 2,400 | 11 |
| UNDP | 1974 | $230.0M | 22,756 | 3 |
| Organization of American States | 1889 | $38.4M | 650 | - |
| Religions for Peace | 1970 | $1.8M | 30 | - |
| Dewey Square Group | 1992 | $4.1M | 1 | 1 |
| United Nations Foundation | 1998 | $114.9M | 100 | 30 |
| United Nations Population Fund | 1969 | $330.0M | 5,599 | - |
| INDO | 2010 | $480,000 | 50 | - |
| Americas Society/Council of the Americas | 1965 | $6.7M | 20 | - |
| Solar Energy Trade Shows | - | $12.0M | 15 | - |
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