Windstream subsidiaries

Cavalier Telephone provides telecommunications services in the mid-Atlantic region. The company provides various services, such as business segment local calling, long distance, private lines, Internet access, multi-use T1, DSL, ISDN, Web hosting, domain name management, virtual private networks, phonom VoIP, phonom IP centrex, ISDN PRI and BRI, frame relay, and gig-Ethernet; and residential segment products, including local calling plans, long distance calling plans, DSL Internet access, dialup Internet access, VoIP voice over broadband, and Web hosting. It also offers solutions, including voice solutions, such as local, long distance, voicemail, smart, ISDN PRI, teleconferencing, international, toll-free, and calling card; Internet and data, including DSL, ISDN PRI, smart, connect, broadband complete, and Web hosting; network solutions, including evaluation, engineering and design, hardware/software, installation and integration, and monitoring and maintenance; enterprise solutions; and reporting and billing. The company was founded in 1992 as LDMI Telecommunications and changed its name to Cavalier Telephone in February 2007. The company is headquartered in Southfield, Michigan. As of December 15, 2006, Cavalier Telephone operates as a subsidiary of Cavalier Telephone, LLC.

Gabriel Communications Finance Company is a holding company. The company was incorporated in 1999 and is based in Greenville, South Carolina. Gabriel Communications Finance Company operates as a subsidiary of Windstream Holdings, Inc.

Alltel is a telecommunications company that provides consumers and businesses with wireless communication services, products, and solutions. The company serves the transportation, retail, insurance, healthcare, construction, and financial services industries. Alltel's wireless services include wireless voice and data communication services, postpaid and prepaid wireless calling cards, roaming and long-distance calling services, and data solutions. The company provides text and video messaging, digital gaming, radio streaming, internet access, and emailing services as well as business intelligence, field service automation, security, and systems management services. It also offers mobile handsets and accessories. Alltel is based in Rockport Texas, United States and operates as a subsidiary of Verizon Wireless and AT&T.

ATX Communications Inc. offers integrated local and toll-related telephone, Internet, and data services to business and residential customers. The company offers communications services, including local exchange carrier and interexchange carrier telephony services; network services, such as network data integration, Internet access, and web consulting; development and hosting; and other related services. In addition, it provides advanced communication solutions products, such as conference calling, travel services, pre-paid calling, and fax. The company s products and services include CoreConnect, local telephony services, toll-related telephony services, network services, web services/e-commerce, consulting services, and wireless services. CoreConnect is a local and long distance toll, data, and Internet access service. Local telephony services include local dial tone and a set of custom calling features, such as automatic callback, busy line transfer, call blocking, call forwarding, call waiting, caller ID with name, multiring service, remote access call forwarding, and speed calling. It serves the states of Pennsylvania, Ohio, New Jersey, Michigan, Wisconsin, Maryland, Illinois, New York, Virginia, Delaware, Massachusetts, Washington, D.C., and Indiana. The company s competitors include Verizon, Ameritech, AT&T, MCI WorldCom, McLeod USA, Choice One Communications, XO Communications, and Sprint. ATX Communications Inc. was formerly known as CoreComm Holdco, Inc. and changed its name to ATX Communications Inc. in July 2002. The company was founded in 1998 and is based in King of Prussia, Pennsylvania. As of September 29, 2006, ATX Communications Inc. operates as a subsidiary of Broadview Networks Holdings, Inc.

Valor Telecommunications Enterprises, LLC provides telecommunication services. It provides internet, voice, and broadband services. The company was incorporated in 2000 and is based in Little Rock, Arkansas. Valor Telecommunications Enterprises, LLC operates as a subsidiary of Windstream Holdings, Inc.

McLeodUSA, based in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, was one of the nation's largest independent competitive local exchange carriers during the years preceding its acquisition in 2008. The company also had offices in Springfield, Missouri, Tulsa, Oklahoma, and The Woodlands, Texas.

D&E Communications, LLC offers broadband integrated communications services to residential and business customers in Pennsylvania. The company's services include local telephone, network access, long-distance toll, dedicated data circuits, and communication services, including broadband and dial-up Internet access, business continuity and co-location, Web- services, directory, and video and VoIP services. It also provides enhanced telephone services, including call waiting, call transferring and forwarding, automatic callback, call trace, call-blocking, conference calling, voice mail, teleconferencing, direct inward dial, caller name and number identification, and distinctive and simultaneous ringing. In addition, the company offers professional data and information technology services, network design, monitoring, security assessments, and penetration tests. Further, it provides managed services products comprising internal and external monitoring, and security assessments and management. The company was founded in 1911 and is based in Ephrata, Pennsylvania. D&E Communications, LLC operates as a subsidiary of Windstream Services, LLC.

CT Communications, Inc., through its subsidiaries, operates in the communications industry. It provides local telephone service, as well as telephone and equipment rental primarily to its customers in North Carolina. The company also provides long distance services; cellular mobile telephone services to various counties in North and South Carolina; wireless telephone services; competitive local telephone services; and dial-up and high-speed Internet access and other data related services. As of December 31, 2006, it had 158,654 wired access lines, 49,157 wireless subscribers, and 31,256 Internet and data customers. The company, formerly known as The Concord Telephone Company, was founded in 1897 and is based in Concord, North Carolina. As of August 31, 2007, CT Communications, Inc. operates as a subsidiary of Windstream Holdings, Inc.

Symetrics Industries, LLC is primarily engaged in manufacturing electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies, not elsewhere classified, including high energy particle acceleration systems and equipment, electronic simulators, appliance and extension cords, bells and chimes, and insect traps.

Ctc Communications Corp. is primarily engaged in furnishing telephone voice and data communications, except radiotelephone and telephone answering services. This also includes leasing telephone lines or other methods of telephone transmission, such as optical fiber lines and microwave or satellite facilities, and reselling the use of such methods to others.

Valor Telecommunications Equipment LP operates as a subsidiary of Windstream Holdings, Inc.

A telephone network is a telecommunications network used for telephone calls between two or more parties. There are a number of different types of telephone network: A landline network where the telephones must be directly wired into a single telephone exchange.

Talk America, Inc., an integrated communications provider, offers local, long distance, and dial-up Internet telecommunications services to residential and small business customers in the United States. Its services also include call waiting, caller ID, conference calling, online directory, wireless, online billing, and calling card services, as well as data services, such as high-speed connectivity, security, Web hosting, and network services. Talk America, Inc. was formerly known as TALK.com Holding Corp. The company is based in Reston, Virginia. Talk America, Inc. operates as a subsidiary of Windstream Cavalier, LLC.

CavTel Holdings, LLC is based in Richmond, Virginia. CavTel Holdings, LLC operates as a subsidiary of Windstream Holdings, Inc.

Masscomm Inc. is primarily engaged in furnishing telephone voice and data communications, except radiotelephone and telephone answering services. This also includes leasing telephone lines or other methods of telephone transmission, such as optical fiber lines and microwave or satellite facilities, and reselling the use of such methods to others.