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| Year | # of jobs | % of population |
|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 357 | 0.00% |
| 2020 | 281 | 0.00% |
| 2019 | 287 | 0.00% |
| 2018 | 274 | 0.00% |
| 2017 | 264 | 0.00% |
| Year | Avg. salary | Hourly rate | % Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | $48,456 | $23.30 | +2.8% |
| 2024 | $47,114 | $22.65 | --0.1% |
| 2023 | $47,184 | $22.68 | +0.5% |
| 2022 | $46,941 | $22.57 | +1.1% |
| 2021 | $46,427 | $22.32 | +1.6% |
| Rank | State | Population | # of jobs | Employment/ 1000ppl |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | District of Columbia | 693,972 | 541 | 78% |
| 2 | Delaware | 961,939 | 329 | 34% |
| 3 | Virginia | 8,470,020 | 2,834 | 33% |
| 4 | New Hampshire | 1,342,795 | 447 | 33% |
| 5 | Massachusetts | 6,859,819 | 2,145 | 31% |
| 6 | Georgia | 10,429,379 | 3,148 | 30% |
| 7 | Indiana | 6,666,818 | 1,926 | 29% |
| 8 | Minnesota | 5,576,606 | 1,627 | 29% |
| 9 | Colorado | 5,607,154 | 1,607 | 29% |
| 10 | Alabama | 4,874,747 | 1,428 | 29% |
| 11 | Maryland | 6,052,177 | 1,674 | 28% |
| 12 | Iowa | 3,145,711 | 869 | 28% |
| 13 | Illinois | 12,802,023 | 3,501 | 27% |
| 14 | Missouri | 6,113,532 | 1,624 | 27% |
| 15 | Connecticut | 3,588,184 | 973 | 27% |
| 16 | Utah | 3,101,833 | 831 | 27% |
| 17 | Tennessee | 6,715,984 | 1,775 | 26% |
| 18 | Arkansas | 3,004,279 | 775 | 26% |
| 19 | Kansas | 2,913,123 | 759 | 26% |
| 20 | Wyoming | 579,315 | 148 | 26% |
| Rank | City | # of jobs | Employment/ 1000ppl | Avg. salary |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Colton | 1 | 2% | $53,584 |
| 2 | East Hartford | 1 | 2% | $51,379 |
| 3 | Poway | 1 | 2% | $53,450 |
| 4 | Hayward | 1 | 1% | $55,686 |
| 5 | Salt Lake City | 1 | 1% | $36,518 |
| 6 | Warren | 1 | 1% | $43,326 |
| 7 | Phoenix | 1 | 0% | $45,431 |
Indiana University Kokomo

Texas Tech University

University of New Hampshire

Cypress College, School of Culinary Arts & Hospitality Management

Missouri State University
Lynn University

University of Central Florida

Pepperdine University, Seaver College

Sam Houston State University

Zicklin School of Business at Baruch College - City University of New York

Farmingdale State College

The City College of New York
Belmont University

Sonoma State University

Grand Valley State University

University of South Alabama
Indiana University Kokomo
Business/Commerce
Mark Meng Ph.D.: Analytical skill comes at the top. The hospitality world has becoming increasingly
dependent on data. Crisis and emergency management demonstrated their importance
in the past three years across all areas of the hospitality industry.

Texas Tech University
Restaurant, Hotel, & Institutional Management Program
Charlie Adams Ph.D.: Specific, measurable skills such as certification for specific activities like bartending or Serve Safe. Demonstrate capabilities through past work experience such as waiting tables, hosting, front desk, housekeeping, etc., that show effort and familiarity with the environment. Also, demonstration of marketing, sales, and/or finance are extremely beneficial. These assessable skills should be found on the resume called out in the job descriptions. Additionally, a person's work experience should reflect their career aspirations and goals. The best measure of future performance is past experience!

University of New Hampshire
Peter T. Paul College of Business and Economics
Daniel Innis Ph.D.: I think that an understanding of revenue management is key. I tell my students that in every transaction, every party should feel that they made a "profit." The business gets some money. The customer should get more value than the money that they gave up. If that is the case, then they come back. In addition, the ability to spot opportunities for additional revenue is key. We never charge for parking or internet at our properties as that annoys customers. We did, however, offer beer and wine room service (the front desk staff could handle that) at a great price, and we had a gift shop that was right next to the front desk, again staffed when necessary by the front desk. These two moves did not add expenses to our operation, but they did add revenue and profit. Spotting those easy opportunities to add value for guests is key, and it is great when it also adds to the bottom line.

Cypress College, School of Culinary Arts & Hospitality Management
Hotel, Restaurant & Culinary Arts
Amanda Gargano: A combination of soft skills, interpersonal skills, and technical skills is ideal. Oftentimes, hiring managers in hospitality are very willing to onboard a new employee with strong, soft skills, knowing that the technical skills can be taught through on-the-job training and mentoring. Continuing education, participating in networking opportunities, and industry-focused workshops and conferences are all good ways to continue to learn and add to your resume.

Dr. Liza Cobos: Employers are looking for transferable skills, skills like critical thinking and technical skills (i.e. excel) are in demand. Having the technical skills to analyze data and critical thinking skills to generate and provide solutions. The industry is always looking for ways to improve sales and pricing strategies to help the bottom line. Being able to demonstrate these skills will with career advancement.
Amanda Main Ph.D.: I believe there will be an enduring impact of the pandemic on graduates, and I believe it will be composed of both disadvantages and advantages. Obviously, we have seen a decline in employment across almost all sectors, which has reduced opportunities for post-graduation employment. The safety restrictions are also making it difficult for many students to find internships while in the final years of study, and that is a real disadvantage because it is depriving them of invaluable real-world experience that will help them succeed in the workplace, and that employers are looking for.
Unfortunately, the pandemic is also going to have deleterious effects for many female graduates, as job sectors that have heavy female representation such as hospitality, retail, and education have been disproportionately impacted, and we may see the wage gap returning to be more of an issue than we have seen in recent years. On the other hand, graduates will be entering the job market with coping skills that are going to be incredibly valuable in the coming times.
Students have had to adapt, integrate new technologies, and learn new ways of doing things in response to this event, and college graduates have the advantage of being trained in this, as colleges and universities have been very intentional about not throwing their students into the deep end of the pool without support and guidance. This should make them an asset to the workforce as industries begin to rebuild and continue to look forward with an innovative mindset.
Amanda Main Ph.D.: This is a great question because there has actually been an increasing call for colleges and universities to enhance their curriculums because organizations are finding recent graduates lacking in soft skills that are necessary for success. In addition to the skills I mentioned above, The National Association for Colleges and Employers released a list of critical competencies to ensure career readiness, which includes skills such as critical thinking and problem solving, oral and written communication, teamwork and collaboration, leadership, professionalism and work ethic, career management, and global/intercultural fluency.
This should be a bare minimum that graduates are striving for. I would also suggest having a strong focus on increasing emotional intelligence (EQ), which will really help at several career stages including promoting oneself in a job search, negotiating employment offers, advancing and maturing through the arc of one's career, and even exiting from the workforce at retirement.
There are a lot of ways to obtain these skills, and it is important to really give them attention and practice when opportunities arise in the classroom, such as writing papers and giving presentations, to learning from podcasts and reading books and attending open webinars by experts and influencers. These skills are very attainable, but I have found that few graduates take the opportunities to develop them, but by putting forth that extra effort, a graduate can really stand out.

Jessica Wickey-Byrd: In regards to the job market in the hospitality and tourism industry, the biggest trend we are seeing is the ability to pivot into other industries while ours is rebuilding. Hospitality students have excellent transferable skills that translate across multiple industries. They have guest service skills, marketing skills, financial skills, and human resource skills that are applicable in retail, real estate, financial services, healthcare, senior living, marketing and more. Hospitality students are trained with servant leadership, and have the soft skills to be leaders across all careers.

Steven Bauer: The coronavirus has accelerated the transformation to a digital world, and this effect will continue after the pandemic is behind us. Graduates will need to be able to navigate a hybrid business environment, with in-person and virtual meetings, interactions and platforms. There will also be increased opportunities to be entrepreneurial and innovative in the digital area. In addition, graduates will have to become more skilled at navigating a global environment since greater digitization will draw countries closer to each other.

Sam Houston State University
Department of Management & Marketing
Carliss Miller Ph.D.: Flexible working arrangements were considered a perk or benefit, but given the pandemic more and more jobs will be designed with flexible work arrangements in mind. We will continue to see trends in the labor market with a push towards personal services (e.g. virtual assistants, professional organizers) and professional services. There will also continue to be a demand for knowledge work. More and more, employers are looking to hire applicants that can provide concrete evidence of being "Day 1" ready.
Employers will focus more on identifying prospects with certain "soft skills" which were a nice-to-have pre-pandemic, but are now critical for organizational survival. These skills include: critical thinking, agility, ability to adapt to change, resilience, virtual team effectiveness, crisis management, emotional intelligence, empathy, and inclusive leadership. Additionally, data analysis and interpretation is a highly sought after skill even for jobs that historically did not require analytical ability.
Carliss Miller Ph.D.: Any certifications/licenses/courses that specifically relate to the job function, industry, desired skills of a job, or the individuals' desired career trajectory will have a major impact on attracting job prospects. For example, for someone seeking a sales position, courses that target professional selling, CRM, data management and analysis, sales forecasting, strategic management, business communications, social media marketing, leadership and project management would be beneficial.

Zicklin School of Business at Baruch College - City University of New York
Narendra P. Loomba Department of Management
Dr. Mary Kern Ph.D.: - Internships are going to be far fewer in number, and so many new graduates may be have less work experience, making it both more difficult to obtain a strong position and making the initial learning curve much more steep when they do land a job.
- Employers are going to have to navigate the role of remote work going forward much more actively. For example, we have learned that a lot of work can be done from our living rooms, and many find a lot of value in not having to commute in to an office. Being able to work remotely is going to be a prominent issue in employment negotiations going forward. Both employers and employees will need to evaluate the value (vs. costs) of being able to work from home and consider trade-offs in other forms of compensation.

Farmingdale State College
Department of Economics
Xu Zhang Ph.D.: I believe the most important attributes employers seek on a resume remain the same-problem solving skills, team work skills, analytical/quantitative skills, verbal and written communication skills. However, given the pandemic or any other unexpected shock to work environment, how to quickly and efficiently adapt to new work modes can be a very valuable attribute standing out on resume.

Prabal Kumar De Ph.D.: I think the necessary skills remain the same. One modification that would stay is greater virtual engagement. Therefore, newly essential skills such as acing a virtual interview, making a mark during a Zoom meeting, or managing or being a valuable part of a remote working group would be useful long after the immediate threats from the COVID-19 crisis be gone.
Belmont University
Office of Career & Professional Development
Nina Woodard: The pandemic hasn't impacted all areas of the entertainment industry in the same way. Anything related to live events and touring has been placed on an extended pause, which has been very difficult for graduates hoping to work in those fields. On an encouraging note, consumers will always find a way back to live experiences, so that segment of the industry will absolutely recover; the timing is just still a bit unknown. Other areas such as record or publishing companies have held steady. And, digital marketing and content creation companies are as busy, if not busier, than they've ever been as artists seek alternative ways to stay connected to their fans. Technology has intersected with entertainment in exciting, creative ways that will continue even as some of the more traditional avenues become available again. For many companies, ideas that started as pivots are now vibrant components of their long-term strategies.
The way we work may have also permanently changed. Companies have realized that remote working is a truly viable option for most businesses. While maintaining company culture, and the social nature of an entertainment-based organization, may still require some level of in-person interaction, it seems likely that many organizations may continue with remote/hybrid office models.
Nina Woodard: For entertainment, digital marketing and content creation skills are critical. Even if a role isn't specifically connected to digital marketing, social media is almost always involved in most entry-level roles. We strongly encourage students and recent graduates to learn basic graphic design platforms, video editing and audio editing. Learning how to maximize impact on social media platforms such as YouTube, Instagram or TikTok is also a worthy investment of time. There's a wide range of self-paced training resources online, many available for free or at reduced costs for students.

Sonoma State University
School of Business & Economics
Craig Nathanson Ph.D.: I see the essential human skills gaining importance to build a new post-covid work life. These include creativity, leading and working in teams, writing, speaking, being self-aware, and lowering bias and networking; career branding as critical areas for graduates to focus on now.
Craig Nathanson Ph.D.: Most important on resumes to only show accomplishments you are proud of and reflect measurable success and completion of past work. These accomplishments should be a snapshot of what we have done and can do in the future. The most important two lines of a resume are in the objectives, to list what the person is seeking. These two lines give the reader a quick view of what the person wants.
Now is a great time to start the new year to build a portable work portfolio to represent an alignment of what a person is excited about and enjoys in their work.

Grand Valley State University
Department of Hospitality and Tourism Management
Amanda Stansbie: -Career progression and development within said career.
-A purpose to the resume-the appropriate steps have seemingly been followed to reach the individual's 'dream goals.'
-Loyalty and commitment to a desired career path.
-Hard work and [relatively] consistent employment.
-Your areas of interest and what you do in your own time; volunteer work, hobbies etc., indicators of the type of person you are and how you might 'fit in' with the organization you are applying to work for. Many organizations are becoming more 'invested' in corporate social responsibility, thus working with your local community through volunteerism shows high character traits, selflessness and humility.

University of South Alabama
Department of Hospitality and Tourism Management
Evelyn Green Ph.D.: Given the pandemic, the transition to virtual communication, from remote learning to virtual job interviews and the creation of new remote jobs or positions that never existed before, are some of the biggest trends that are likely to become a mainstay of our job market. I will use the analogy of the introduction of microwave cooking: once launched, it became a mainstay of our day-to-day lives. It never truly replaced oven or stove-top cooking, but it carved a place of importance, value, and relevance in our daily need for quick and instantaneous gratification. With the creation and rise of remote job opportunities, the job market is now truly global. Remote job opportunities allow for mobility. One can work anywhere, anytime. This broadens the job market, while simultaneously increasing its competitiveness. There's a trending demand for technical skills which may increase demand for career and technical programs offered by community colleges. Technology and practical skills, such as software programming and culinary arts, are great skills to acquire if your passion resides in these areas.