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| Year | # of jobs | % of population |
|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 450 | 0.00% |
| 2020 | 438 | 0.00% |
| 2019 | 458 | 0.00% |
| 2018 | 430 | 0.00% |
| 2017 | 407 | 0.00% |
| Year | Avg. salary | Hourly rate | % Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | $90,392 | $43.46 | +3.2% |
| 2024 | $87,558 | $42.10 | +1.6% |
| 2023 | $86,220 | $41.45 | +0.3% |
| 2022 | $85,960 | $41.33 | +3.0% |
| 2021 | $83,469 | $40.13 | +0.1% |
| Rank | State | Population | # of jobs | Employment/ 1000ppl |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | South Dakota | 869,666 | 174 | 20% |
| 2 | South Carolina | 5,024,369 | 693 | 14% |
| 3 | West Virginia | 1,815,857 | 262 | 14% |
| 4 | Alabama | 4,874,747 | 513 | 11% |
| 5 | Louisiana | 4,684,333 | 460 | 10% |
| 6 | Oklahoma | 3,930,864 | 412 | 10% |
| 7 | Mississippi | 2,984,100 | 276 | 9% |
| 8 | District of Columbia | 693,972 | 33 | 5% |
| 9 | Vermont | 623,657 | 16 | 3% |
| 10 | New York | 19,849,399 | 308 | 2% |
| 11 | California | 39,536,653 | 465 | 1% |
| 12 | Illinois | 12,802,023 | 141 | 1% |
| 13 | Massachusetts | 6,859,819 | 94 | 1% |
| 14 | Washington | 7,405,743 | 76 | 1% |
| 15 | New Jersey | 9,005,644 | 75 | 1% |
| 16 | Oregon | 4,142,776 | 61 | 1% |
| 17 | Connecticut | 3,588,184 | 37 | 1% |
| 18 | Utah | 3,101,833 | 23 | 1% |
| 19 | Nevada | 2,998,039 | 18 | 1% |
| 20 | North Dakota | 755,393 | 7 | 1% |
University of Hawaii at Manoa
Indiana University Bloomington
Moravian College
Troy University

Humboldt State University

University of Washington

University of Findlay
Villanova University

Case Western Reserve University

Viterbo University

Covenant College
Texas Tech University
Los Angeles County Museum of Art
University of Pittsburgh
The One Club

Siena College

American University

St. Norbert College
Frances Zhu: Get competing offers and negotiate a higher salary. Foster skills that lend to higher salaries. For example, even though marine biology may not pay the highest, if you have some coding experience, you will be one of the higher paid marine biologists in the field.
Dr. Joyce Stoner: Skills in imaging, Macro-XRF, weave counting, and cross-section microscopy are more and more important for practitioners in painting conservation in private work, regional centers, or in museums.
Dr. Joyce Stoner: Seek to work with a strong mentor in your specialty for at least the first three years after finishing graduate school. It is always good to be working with a group in any case, to share ideas and experiences as you make decisions.
Dr. Joyce Stoner: Salaries are not very high in art conservation as you start out. But if you work with a mentor, publish and give talks, have a high profile for your knowledge and expertise, and eventually go into private work, especially in modern and contemporary paintings, to my knowledge that is where the higher salaries are found.
George Logothetis Jr: Create work that is undeniably great. Work that turns heads, shows daring and provocative thinking, and is attention-getting and impossible to ignore.
George Logothetis Jr: Being able to flex between the various media channels and show competence and imagination in them all. Young creatives have to be versatile and fluent on all communication platforms. It’s also important to maximize your craft and continually hone it. Whether you are art or copy, having a heightened sense of design and writing will not only make the job easier, but you will be more productive. The better your skills are the more work you can create. If you bring lots of work to every meeting, you will always be appreciated.
Moravian College
Fine And Studio Arts
Dr. MaryJo Rosania-Harvie: Definitely leadership skills - having the ability to express their ideas and be open to feedback; and the ability to give effective feedback. Artists learn to do this in school through critique and sharing their work with an audience. Also, entrepreneurial skills, critical thinking, and always creativity.
Dr. MaryJo Rosania-Harvie: Consider doing an internship while in school or after graduation. At Moravian, we have designed internship opportunities for all of our art major tracks, so the students are getting valuable work experiences in their chosen area of study. These internships often lead to employment.
Dr. MaryJo Rosania-Harvie: For someone beginning their career, I would advise them to consider the problem-solving and critical thinking skills they developed in school, and highlight those skills when meeting with potential employers and clients. They can consider themselves entrepreneurs, and should try to be flexible and open-minded.
Christopher Stagl MFA: This industry is all about connections with people. You have to network and market yourself. This will lead to opportunities for you creatively - which may start small but you build upon success, grow your clients, and progressively begin to charge more and more as you grow in to your field. Never stop learning, never stop making (even if it's mistakes), and never stop networking.
Elizabeth McPherson: I know that many young dancers, just out of college, were pursuing dance careers in NYC, but after the pandemic with the loss of job opportunities, had to move back to their former homes across the country. I think this could have the potential to encourage more growth in dance outside of NYC. It is just so expensive to live in NYC, and dance generally does not pay so well.
Elizabeth McPherson: College courses that focus on entrepreneurship, creativity, and flexibility are very important in this age.
Elizabeth McPherson: I actually do not know. Many performers' salaries have been cut or eliminated, but I do not have hard facts about this.
Hope this helps.

Rae Robison: Live theatre will definitely be impacted, but the opening of more film, television and recorded projects will continue to expand. Specifically my design tech students are still working, just in different ways. There's never been a point in human history where we don't seek entertainment in some form or another so there will always be a need for the arts and artists.
Rae Robison: This year has really hit home that performers need to have a better knowledge of lighting and costume. What does my light look like? Why is my white shirt flaring? Since so many are working from their homes they need answers to these questions so they can produce their best audition tape or performance. Everyone needs to embrace some tech knowledge so that we can continue to push our new art forms into the 21st century.
Rae Robison: Less specificity and more holistic learning. If you only design sets, you are limited to art direction in a physical space or choosing Zoom backgrounds. If you know scenic, costume, lighting and sound your earning potential is so much more possible. I always train my students to work in live venues and multiple recorded formats to expand their marketability.

Annabelle Gould: Communication skills, the ability to tell stories and deliver convincing messages to an audience that is fractured, skeptical and short on time and patience. This means good verbal skills as well as strong visual skills. The world is full of templates for visual design so it's easy for everything to look the same. Being able to distinguish yourself and your message while most of us are experiencing the world through a screen at home is important.

Anne Beekman: Employers are looking for versatility, someone who can take on multiple roles: graphic design, social media, photography, and web. Anything else that you can add - the ability to write, to do illustration, video, animation - will give you an edge in a competitive job market.
Anne Beekman: Keep your design skills sharp, for they quickly fade if you don't use them. Continue to build your portfolio with self-initiated projects. Do tutorials to improve with technology and software. Read design books and magazines to stay on top of trends. Then, when a potential employer asks what you have been doing for the past year since graduation, you can show that you are capable of self-initiated learning.
Anne Beekman: For your first job, be willing to take a design position that is not creative, churning out work that is not beautiful, and that is low paying. It will give you needed experience, and you will learn to work fast and accurately. But don't settle there. After a year or two, start looking for a position where you can move up, within the company or elsewhere.
Villanova University
Department of Theatre
Edward Sobel: The theater is a complicated career path under non-pandemic conditions. Only a small percentage of those wishing to achieve a sustainable income in the theater can do so. That has been exacerbated in the pandemic environment. Due to health and safety guidelines, most professional not-for-profit theaters and commercial producers are not presenting plays, if they are at all, as they did before the pandemic. Some have pivoted in creating on-line content; others have gone dark. If the pandemic is brought under reasonable control, it remains to be seen if and when audiences will be willing to return to in-person participation.
Many aspiring theater artists sustain themselves through "day jobs," particularly in the service sector. Those jobs also are likely to be scarcer, at least for a while. In short, a challenging job market has gotten more challenging and is likely to be so for the foreseeable futu
Edward Sobel: I would recommend becoming familiar or expert in creating work that can live in a medium other than in-person performance. For example, one could learn about digital editing software or lighting and camera technique. The future is likely also to reward those with entrepreneurial skills. They are learning how to create and manage a budget, articulate a business plan, and raise money. I'd also suggest that artists who can make a strong case for the social benefit of the work they do, be it locally, community-based, or more widely, are more likely to find support and success. Investing now in those social causes for which one feels an affinity will serve the greater good and allow a graduate to begin building a network to continue their artistic work meaningfully.
Edward Sobel: It's important to know that theater is a relationship-based career. Look to build relationships with those with whom you share a common aesthetic and a sense of purpose. Building relationships takes time and care, and only sometimes pays immediate dividends. Remember this is a marathon, not a sprint. Be persistent. You may not ever be able to make a living in the theater. But if you quit, you definitely won't.
I'll add, many but not all who obtain a degree in theater wish to work in the profession. A theater degree, particularly within a liberal arts context, offers highly marketable and desirable skills. The theater is a collaborative art form, making those with a theater degree experience working as part of a team. The theater is storytelling. Those with a theater degree have learned how to construct a compelling narrative and to communicate it clearly. They have practiced analytical and presentational skills. They have embodied empathy. All of this position a graduate well in many other occupations, including law, teaching, advertising/marketing, social work, etc.

Steven Ciampaglia: While there is a lot of worry over how the pandemic's economic impact will affect the creative arts, I am not that pessimistic. In troubled times, people always turn toward the arts for solace. Witness how individuals have spent their time in quarantine re-engaging with books, movies, music, videogames, etc. And even though the end of the pandemic may be in sight with the announcement of vaccines, I believe that this re-engagement with the arts is not going away. Therefore, the market for young artists will stay elevated, which is good news for art majors graduating this year.
Steven Ciampaglia: While there is a lot of worry over how the pandemic's economic impact will affect the creative arts, I am not that pessimistic. In troubled times, people always turn toward the arts for solace. Witness how individuals have spent their time quarantine re-engaging with books, movies, music, videogames, etc. And even though the end of the pandemic may be in sight with the announcement of vaccines, I believe that this re-engagement with the arts is not going away. Therefore, the market for young artists will stay elevated, which is good news for art majors graduating this year.
Steven Ciampaglia: In the arts, a resume is not as important as an artist statement. A good artist statement should demonstrate that the artist can maturely reflect upon their work thoughtfully. It should contextualize their work in the broader lexicon of art, explaining how it is in dialogue with artworks that have preceded it and peers' work. And it should demonstrate potential by pointing toward possible future directions that their work could take.

Erin Jerozal: I think the most significant impact will be the continuation of virtual auditions and self-tape submissions. The industry was already moving heavily in this direction, and the pandemic has shown (and necessitated) the growth of that even further. In-person auditions will hopefully never entirely be replaced, but intimacy and honest connection can still occur in virtual settings. This can allow all sides of the casting process to conserve travel resources and see artists audition outside of the significant markets more consistently.
Erin Jerozal: Young graduates will need an understanding of technology - even at the most basic level, they will need to record, edit, and share their auditions and examples of their work frequently. They will need to understand how to communicate with people across generations and platforms. The way we communicate through email versus text versus a phone call versus social media platforms is different, so shifting authentically between those will be helpful. I want to see full sentences and punctuation in an email. Still, I don't expect it in a text, and depending on the work you are seeking, those differences can affect the way your professionalism is perceived.
Erin Jerozal: First and foremost, honesty. This business is tiny, so if credits don't make sense or stretch the experience's truth, it will be noticed. Otherwise, it's helpful to see a consistency of type and range, as it helps casting understand how they can use that person. If you are someone with a wide-range of styles and abilities, you will need a variety of resumes to highlight the most proper credits for that season or role. Many actors have a musical resume, a play resume, a film/TV resume - each one highlighting the related experiences first and then including the others as a confirmation of type selectively. You do not need to include everything on every resume. Your resume tells the story of how a casting person might use you, versus letting them know every single thing you've ever done.

Kayb Joseph: We encourage students to take a small business course, as most studio owners are small businesses. We also promote internships to determine the right fit.
Kayb Joseph: Small to mid-size cities are more competitive.
Mark Charney Ph.D.: Indeed, the epidemic has presented the art time to assess. I believe we'll find a more bearable work week, less exploitation (especially in unpaid internships and fellowships), and, hopefully, greater attention to equality, inclusion, and diversity. While performance and pedagogical jobs will still exist, choices will be more purposeful, honestly assessing needs and community engagement. And the skills of those majoring in the arts will continue to feature excellent communication skills, especially in writing.
Mark Charney Ph.D.: The arts will be rightfully concerned with preservation, so while the zoom platform will continue to be necessary, we will continue to find ways to express art in various media. We will still treasure the stage, but we can bring what we have learned from sharing performances over the computer to the stage, using technology to advance narratives and create opportunities.
Mark Charney Ph.D.: Theatre, dance, art, music-we will always need to reflect the world through storytelling and entertainment. While some of the traditional jobs may be diminished, the arts' skills are invaluable for several career paths. Television is thriving, primarily because playwrights are being hired to share stories with a more advanced and complicated arc. Yes, there may be a lull in university hires because of a smaller number of arts programs. Still, the new focus's interdisciplinarity will pave the way for new jobs that use technology in storytelling.
Cynthia Tovar: Due to the pandemic, it is unfortunate that there are limited job openings for new graduates entering the workforce; however, there are a number of ways that a young professional can continue to network and gain experience, including virtual internships and entering into an official mentorship or training program (such as the ARCS Mentorship Program, The Museum Leadership, Polaris mentorship program, the Broad Diversity Apprenticeship Program, or The Registrar Hour, Intern Hour). Emerging professionals that join ARCS as an individual or student member, will have access to job listings, networking opportunities, funding opportunities for conferences and the mentor program among other benefits.
For those that do enter the workforce, many institutions' staff are still working remotely or operating in a hybrid model. There will be a need for new staff to communicate effectively with their supervisors, while working remotely, over video meetings. They might also be expected to learn new software or technology such as DocuSign to facilitate remote working and or be expected to serve as a virtual courier using video technology and digital condition reporting techniques. Museums can benefit from a fresh viewpoint that advocates for efficiencies and new ways of operating in these challenging times.
Cynthia Tovar: Young graduates should have received hands-on experience working with collections, if possible, through an internship or volunteering. Museum study helps one understand general concepts but working with and learning from those already in the field is often the best way of gathering skills in areas such as condition reporting, collection management and care, exhibition installation and art supervision, and the like.
Cynthia Tovar: There are cities that have more museums per capita than others (New York, D.C., Chicago, and San Francisco, for example), but opportunities can be found in all places throughout the U.S. by searching on registrar and collection specialist listservs.
Cynthia Tovar: There very well may be an enduring impact from the coronavirus pandemic on museum collection operations, such as reconsidering the need for couriers and how installation crews work together, but how long this will last remains to be seen. So far, the most immediate impact would be having a new hire join on in a remote work scenario and conducting training and integration to museum culture in a virtual manner.
Aaron Henderson: In-person experience working in the field is invaluable, as is ongoing and well-developed work.
Aaron Henderson: I'd encourage the student to make the most of the year. Ensure that you're engaged in the field and looking for specific opportunities that they are excited about-assisting another artist, working as part of a collaborative team, and doing an internship with an organization aligned with your interests. The most important thing is that the person finds something they are excited about and do it!
Aaron Henderson: This is an opinion, but I think we see a return to craft and traditional techniques and all of the technological advances (AR/VR/etc.) that one might expect to develop.
Yash Egami: A recent Forrester report says that the ad industry will lose 50,000 jobs through 2021, with 35,000 of them already lost since the pandemic. The traditional ad agency model was already in trouble, with many brands hiring away talent and creating their own in-house agencies. Add to that the recent reckoning with the Black Lives Matter movement, and what we're seeing is an industry that is being forced to go through monumental change in order to survive.
While traditional roles like art director or copywriter are on the decline, the good news is that, in an effort to reinvent themselves, agencies are seeking creatives with digital skills like UX design and programming. The rise of in-house creative departments has also meant more opportunities for job seekers within brands rather than agencies. And because of the demand for more diversity from clients and those within advertising, recruiters are making more of an effort to hire multicultural talent.
At The One Club for Creativity, we've been at the forefront of change in the industry through our diversity and inclusion, professional development and gender equality programs. We recently hosted our annual multicultural career fair, "Where Are All the Black People?" that brought together thousands of diverse talent with 40 agencies and companies looking to hire. We launched One School, a free online program for Black creatives who want to get into the industry but don't have a portfolio or the economic means to afford to go to ad school. And we're working on upskilling courses for professionals who want to reinvent themselves or keep up with the changing demands of our industry.
So if you're a recent graduate who specializes in art direction, our advice would be to keep an open mind about what kind of company you want to work for and think about expanding your skillset to include digital skills so that you can future-proof your career. Where you are isn't as important because, since the pandemic, agencies have become more comfortable with working remotely and they are more open to having a workforce not centered on the traditional agency hubs, like New York or Los Angeles.

Scott Foster: Our undergraduates who have experience working on teams and with strong communication abilities tend to make more progress in their careers. It's a cliche that artists are loners, and while many of us do need time to incubate an idea or concept, it's what we do after that is critical. Furthermore, as the world becomes more technical (and career preparation in colleges and universities follow suit), employers find it harder and harder to find recruits who can interact well with their colleagues and communicate technical concepts in terms a layperson can understand. Those who have these skills and experience to back them up do succeed.
Scott Foster: Working on a team. The exact project might not matter much, although it's better if it dovetails with your interests or career goals. This could be as simple as volunteering at a non-profit to revamp a website or build an app to measure outcomes.
Scott Foster: Visual interfaces. Visual communication, overall, is where our society is headed. Graphic Art and Design are the following English and Communications majors. Consider that we've gone from a marketplace where a company could thrive without a website to our current situation where growth is impossible without a web or social media presence over the last ten years. While these tools are supported by technology, the user interface is the visual component that mediates between a company and its consumer base. Those that are effectively designed will be the ones that see more use and market presence.

Nancy Snider: This is just to me, but-
- internships and other work at organizations in the graduate's primary area of study/interest
- creative work of distinction
- awards/honors
- international work in the graduate's primary area of study/interest
- language skills
- computer skills
Nancy Snider: In ways too numerous to mention - ways of connecting with others in a way unhindered by the need for physical travel...sharing material (music), creating digitally...I do not see us reverting to "what was" in the wake of the pandemic but, rather, I envision continuing to celebrate a lot of the new skills we have acquired as a result of the pandemic.
Nancy Snider: Absolutely, on them and all the rest of us. We are living through one of the significant moments in human history. It cannot help but shape everything to come in profound ways.

Brian Pirman: For someone who is contemplating a career in graphic design, I recommend several things. One would be to develop a portfolio that shows a diverse skill-set. This may include expertise in design and layout, photography, illustration, typography as well as animation and video. If you have a more varied skill set, you are more likely to either gain employment or able to do freelance work. The other thing is internships, internships, internships. Having a portfolio of applied work (versus school projects), as long as it's good, will separate you from the competition.
Brian Pirman: Traditionally, the best job markets have been larger metropolitan areas. That's mainly because there are more agencies and design firms in larger cities than there are in smaller cities. With that said, because of the internet and online communication, this is starting to change where one can pretty much do work for anybody, anywhere. Therefore, the opportunities are pretty much all-over, geographically speaking.
Brian Pirman: Good question. Because more and more content is being delivered online, and in particular through the video, I see the field continuing in the same direction. What I mean by that is, design students should really consider using video with other elements and principles of design, which may include composition, scale, contrast, pattern, texture, etc. Strong knowledge of typography is also crucial. However, just because you know how to make videos, do design and layout, and have the ability to use the tools the professionals use, that does not mean you will get hired for your skillset. You must have work in your portfolio that shows you have the ability to think critically and be creative. Creativity cannot be overestimated. The major firms that do work for large corporate clients are not hired for the how-to, in terms of creating, but rather the IDEA behind the message.