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While most people are familiar with bachelor’s degrees, the distinctions between master’s degrees and Ph.D.s can often be less clear. In 2026, understanding these advanced degrees is crucial for navigating today’s evolving educational landscape and career paths.
Key Takeaways:
| Master’s Degree | Ph.D. |
|---|---|
| A master’s degree typically takes one to three years to complete. | A Ph.D. generally requires three to seven years of commitment. |
| A bachelor’s degree is a prerequisite for pursuing a master’s degree. | A master’s degree is often required for entry into a Ph.D. program. |
| A master’s program consists mostly of coursework, with one to two semesters focused on research for a thesis or capstone project. | A Ph.D. involves some coursework but is predominantly centered on research culminating in a dissertation. |
| A master’s degree can prepare you for diverse career opportunities across various industries. | A Ph.D. is designed for careers in research, academia, and specialized professional roles. |
What Is a Master’s Degree?
A master’s degree, often referred to as a graduate degree, is an advanced academic qualification that follows the completion of an undergraduate degree.
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A master’s degree typically takes one to three years to obtain. The duration can vary based on the specific program and the number of courses taken each semester, but most master’s degree programs are structured to be completed in about two years.
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A master’s degree requires a bachelor’s degree. This is the primary prerequisite for entering a master’s program. While some programs prefer candidates with related bachelor’s degrees, others are open to applicants from diverse fields, provided they meet the other qualifications.
Many programs also require a passing score on standardized graduate school entrance exams such as the GRE, GMAT, LSAT, or TOEFL.
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A master’s degree primarily involves coursework, supplemented by one to two semesters focused on research. Students are required to complete a thesis or capstone project as part of their graduation requirements, which must be presented and defended before the faculty.
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A master’s degree can open doors to a wide range of careers. Graduates with master’s degrees are found across various industries, and they often pursue advanced or specialized knowledge in their field or transition into entirely new areas.
What Is a Ph.D.?
A Ph.D. (Doctor of Philosophy) is the highest academic degree available, typically pursued by individuals aiming for careers in research or academia.
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A Ph.D. usually requires three to seven years to complete. While the average duration is closer to five to seven years, this can vary based on the specific program, the student’s availability for coursework and research, and the time needed to complete their dissertation.
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A Ph.D. typically requires a master’s degree. Most Ph.D. programs expect candidates to have a master’s degree related to their intended research area, ensuring they have a solid foundation going into the program.
However, some programs combine master’s and Ph.D. studies, allowing students to transition directly from an undergraduate program into doctoral studies, often in less time than completing both degrees separately.
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A Ph.D. emphasizes research over coursework. Although students spend a few years on coursework, the majority of their time is dedicated to conducting original research and writing their dissertation, which may require securing funding.
Additionally, Ph.D. candidates often need to pass comprehensive exams to qualify for graduation.
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A Ph.D. is essential for careers in research and academia. Those interested in conducting advanced research or teaching at the university level typically need a Ph.D., although graduates may also pursue careers outside of academia.
Master’s Vs. Ph.D. FAQ
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Can you get a Ph.D. without a master’s?
Yes, it is possible to pursue a Ph.D. without first obtaining a master’s degree. Many Ph.D. programs in the U.S. accept students holding only a bachelor’s degree, although this often results in a longer program duration due to the inclusion of master’s degree requirements.
Students who are certain about their intention to earn a Ph.D. may choose this path, as it can sometimes be more efficient than completing both degrees separately. However, it’s a significant commitment of time and financial resources.
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Is a Ph.D. above a master’s?
Yes, a Ph.D. is a higher academic qualification than a master’s degree. A Ph.D. represents the pinnacle of academic achievement, whereas a master’s degree is considered the second highest level of education.
Some master’s degrees, such as the Master of Fine Arts (MFA), are terminal degrees in their respective fields, meaning they do not have a higher degree available.
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What are the four types of degrees?
The four primary types of degrees are associate’s, bachelor’s, master’s, and doctoral. An associate’s degree typically requires two years of study and encompasses general education alongside some specialized coursework, preparing graduates for entry-level employment.
A bachelor’s degree generally takes four years to complete, integrating general education and focused studies in a chosen field, allowing graduates to pursue a wide range of careers, including managerial roles.
A master’s degree usually spans two years and includes both coursework and research, enabling graduates to pursue advanced roles or specialization in their fields.
A doctoral degree (including Ph.D.s) is the highest academic qualification available, typically requiring three to seven years and focusing primarily on research, although some coursework is involved.
Individuals interested in research or academic careers often seek to earn their doctoral degrees.
Author
Abby is a writer who is passionate about the power of story. Whether it’s communicating complicated topics in a clear way or helping readers connect with another person or place from the comfort of their couch. Abby attended Oral Roberts University in Tulsa, Oklahoma, where she earned a degree in writing with concentrations in journalism and business.
