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STATEN ISLAND MENTAL HEALTH history
STATEN ISLAND MENTAL HEALTH company history timeline
In 1955, New York University Doctor Saul Krugman began using patients as human experiments for the treatment of hepatitis, as he would continue to do for about 20 years.
In 1964, when Migdalia’s parents placed her at Willowbrook at the age of 7, the overcrowded, understaffed wards were chaotic and violent.
The girls’ 1964 admission forms used the harsh terminology of the time.
By 1969, Willowbrook, designed with a capacity for 4,000 patients, reached its peak of 6,200.
Willowbrook exploded in the national consciousness in early 1972, when the television reporter Geraldo Rivera aired graphic footage from inside a children’s ward.
Exposure of these conditions led to a landmark 1975 federal court settlement in which New York agreed to move Willowbrook’s residents into small group homes.
Migdalia spent 16 years at Willowbrook; by the time she was moved out in 1980, she was in her early 20s.
The decommissioning of Willowbrook went along slowly and behind schedule, with its overdue closing happening in 1987, several years past the projected date.
Krugman, who died in 1995, defended the ethics of his studies to the very end, and was only so inhibited by the controversy.
The investigation at Union Avenue began after an employee turned whistle-blower sent letters in the summer of 2014 to a state official and to relatives of three residents who were found with unexplained black eyes and other bruises.
The most effective action against the Union Avenue employees accused of abuse turned out to be a 2016 lawsuit filed on behalf of three residents — none of them Willowbrook class members.
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