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CAS is rooted in the publication Chemical AbstractsTM (CA), a journal of the American Chemical Society first published in 1907.
26.Jaenisch R, Mintz B (1974) Simian virus 40 DNA sequences in DNA of healthy adult mice derived from preimplantation blastocysts injected with viral DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 71(4):1250–1254CAS Article Google Scholar
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CRISPRs were first identified in E. coli in 1987 by a Japanese scientist, Yoshizumi Ishino, and his team, who accidentally cloned an unusual series of repeated sequences interspersed with spacer sequences while analyzing a gene responsible for the conversion of alkaline phosphatase.
24.Ishino Y, Shinagawa H, Makino K, Amemura M, Nakata A (1987) Nucleotide sequence of the iap gene, responsible for alkaline phosphatase isozyme conversion in Escherichia coli, and identification of the gene product.
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4.Bolotin A, Quinquis B, Sorokin A, Ehrlich SD (2005) Clustered regularly interspaced short palindrome repeats (CRISPRs) have spacers of extrachromosomal origin.
Barrangou R, Fremaux C, Deveau H, Richards M, Boyaval P, Moineau S, Romero DA, Horvath P. 2007.
Brouns SJ, Jore MM, Lundgren M, Westr ER, Slijkhuis RJ, Snijders AP, Van Der Oost J (2008) Small CRISPR RNAs guide antiviral defense in prokaryotes.
23.Horvath P, Barrangou R (2010) CRISPR/Cas, the immune system of bacteria and archaea.
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Deltcheva E, Chylinski K, Sharma CM, Gonzales K, Chao Y, Pirzada ZA et al (2011) CRISPR RNA maturation by trans-encoded small RNA and host factor RNase III. Nature 471(7340):602–607. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09886
8.Carroll D (2011) Genome engineering with zinc-finger nucleases.
The use of CRISPR-Cas9 to edit genes was thrust into the spotlight in 2012 when George Church, Jennifer Doudna, Emmanuelle Charpentier, and Feng Zhang harnessed it as a tool to modify targeted regions of genomes.
20.Gasiunas G, Barrangou R, Horvath P, Siksnys V (2012) Cas9-crRNA ribonucleoprotein complex mediates specific DNA cleavage for adaptive immunity in bacteria.
In 2013, Cong et al. and Mali et al. described CRISPR-based genome editing in mammalian cell culture.
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Gilbert LA, Horlbeck MA, Adamson B, Villalta JE, Chen Y, Whitehead EH, Guimaraes C, Panning B, Ploegh HL, Bassik MC, Qi LS, Kampmann M, Weissman JS. 2014.
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Bondy-Denomy J, Garcia B, Strum S, Du M, Rollins MF, Hidalgo-Reyes Y, Wiedenheft B, Maxwell KL, Davidson AR. 2015.
41.Rodriguez E (2016) Ethical issues in genome editing using CRISPR/Cas9 System.
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50.Umenhoffer K, Draskovits G, Nyerges Á, Karcagi I, Bogos B, Tímár E et al (2017) Genome-wide abolishment of mobile genetic elements using genome shuffling and CRISPR/Cas-assisted MAGE allows the efficient stabilization of a bacterial chassis.
Chen JS, Dagdas YS, Kleinstiver BP, Welch MM, Sousa AA, Harrington LB, Sternberg SH, Joung JK, Yildiz A, Doudna JA. 2017.
Zetsche B, Heidenreich M, Mohanraju P, Fedorova I, Kneppers J, DeGennaro EM, Winblad N, Choudhury SR, Abudayyeh OO, Gootenberg JS, Wu WY, Scott DA, Severinov K, van der Oost J, Zhang F. 2017.
2.Barnett P (2018) Transcription activator like effector nucleases (TALENs): a new, important, and versatile gene editing technique with a growing literature.
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