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Founded in 1807, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. has been a valued source of information and understanding for more than 200 years, helping people around the world meet their needs and fulfill their aspirations.
The first water pollution control act in Wisconsin was the 1862 Slaughterhouse Offal Act that banned the dumping of slaughterhouse waste in surface waters.
In 1897, a report to the Royal Commission on River Pollution detailed the gross industrial contamination of the Tawe River in Wales, noting that it was polluted by "alkali works, copper works, sulfuric acid liquid, sulfate of iron from tin-plate works, and by slag, cinders and small coal."
The only notable one was the Refuse Act, actually a section of the Rivers and Harbors Appropriations Act of 1899.
Our nation’s commitment to protect the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of our waters began in 1899 with the Rivers and Harbors Act.
Federal Water Pollution ControlThe first Federal water pollution control legislation from the United States Congress was the Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899.
Laws passed in the early 1900's dealt with everything from citizen's rights to outlawing the throwing of animal carcasses in surface waters.
Funding in the early 1900's consisted of aid to municipalities and tax breaks to industries.
The Cuyahoga River in Cleveland, Ohio, which flows into Lake Erie, became so polluted that the water erupted into flames! The first fire occurred in 1936, when a spark from a blowtorch ignited floating debris and oils.
Before 1948 various minor laws dealt with aspects of water pollution. It was reported in 1945 that over 3,500 communities pumped 2.5 billion tons of raw sewage into streams, lakes, and coastal waters every day.
After years of failed bills, the 80th Congress in 1948 achieved a legislative compromise with the support of President Harry S. Truman.
History Encyclopedias almanacs transcripts and maps Federal Water Pollution Control Act (1948)
Firefighters battle a fire on Ohio's Cuyahoga River in 1952.
Wisconsin was the first state passing a law banning non-degradable detergents in 1963.
The 1965 Act amendments began to give each individual state the authority to develop and enforce water quality standards for interstate waters.
On June 22, 1969, an oil slick on the Cuyahoga River, just southeast of downtown Cleveland, caught fire.
Barry, Frank J. "The Evolution of the Enforcement Provisions of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act: A Study of the Difficulty in Developing Effective Legislation." 68 Michigan Law Review 1103 (1969–70).
By 1970, virtually every State had rivers or lakes in crisis condition because of uncontrolled wastewater discharges.
These 1970 amendments required projects to control acid or other mine water pollution, and to control water pollution within the watersheds of the Great Lakes.
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was created in 1970 to take control of the functions previously held by the Department of Interior.
In response to these problems, the Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 established a national goal that all waters in the United States should be made fishable and fit for swimming.
The public response to this event helped create the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (1972), commonly called the Clean Water Act.
The 1972 amendments accomplished all of the following:
Growing public awareness and concern for controlling water pollution led to sweeping amendments in 1972.
When the EPA was formed in 1972, they would administer pollution regulations that states had to follow.
EPA Issues First Municipal Wastewater Discharge Permit in the Nation[EPA press release - July 30, 1973]
Revisions in 1981 streamlined the municipal construction grants process, improving the capabilities of treatment plants built under the program.
The Clean Air Act of 1990 sets limits on the discharge of air pollutants from industrial facilities and motor vehicles, and addresses acid rain and ozone depletion.
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