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Crossroads Transfer Systems Inc history
Crossroads Transfer Systems Inc company history timeline
The first municipally based EMS began in New York City in 1869 (NHTSA, 1996). Based on this experience, the first civilian-run, hospital-based ambulance service began in Cincinnati in 1865.
In 1910, the American Red Cross began providing first-aid training programs across the country, initiating an organized effort to improve civilian bystander care.
C. Growth in Services and Intangible Assets Another change in the global economy since 1962 is the type of economic activity taking place globally.
Even in 1962, the existing global business landscape was a factor that drove development of a system that departs in important ways from pure worldwide taxation.
Also as part of the 1966 act, DOT offered grant funding to states with the goal of improving the provision of EMS.
Founded in 1970 as a nonprofit organization, Tax Analysts has the industry's largest tax-dedicated correspondent staff, with more than 250 domestic and international correspondents.
In 1970, the Seattle Fire Department, in cooperation with a small group of physicians at HarborviewMedical Center and the University of Washington, trained the first class of firefighters as paramedics.
The Maryland Institute for Emergency Medical Services Systems was established in 1972 and continued to take a strong leadership role in subsequent years.
In 1973, Congress enacted the EMS Systems Act, which created a new grant program to further the development of regional EMS systems.
By 1981, an agreement between DOT and DHEW to coordinate efforts had been canceled, and the EMS program and DHEW grants had been eliminated.
NHTSA implemented a statewide EMS technical assessment program in 1988.
In 1989, the Office of Technology Assessment released a report detailing the challenges faced by rural EMS (United States Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, 1989) (see the discussion of rural EMS below).
The state elected to provide emergency air and ground transportation as a public service and created a sophisticated trauma system that designates trauma centers on the basis of compliance with standards and demonstrated need (IOM, 1993).
In 1995, through the urging of then NHTSA Administrator Ricardo Martinez, NHTSA and HRSA commissioned a strategic plan for the future EMS system.
The resulting report, Emergency Medical Services Agenda for the Future (NHTSA, 1996), outlined a vision of an EMS system that is integrated with the health care system, proactive in providing community health, and adequately funded and accessible (see Table 2-1).
Prior to 1997, San Francisco’s EMS system fell under the jurisdiction of the public health department, with the fire department providing first-responder support.
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Since 2000, however, the developing economies' share of world GDP has been increasing.
More recently, in 2001, the United States General Accounting Office (GAO) released a comprehensive study of local EMS system needs and of the state regulatory agencies responsible for improving EMS outcomes.
The report also noted that most of the available information is localized and anecdotal (GAO, 2001b).
18 Michael P. Devereux, Ben Lockwood, and Michela Redoano, "Do Countries Compete Over Corporate Tax Rates?" CEPR Discussion Paper 3400, May 2002; Devereux, "The Impact of Taxation on the Location of Capital, Firms and Profit: A Survey of Empirical Evidence," mimeo.
Air ambulance operations have served thousands of critically ill or injured persons over the past several decades (Blumen and UCAN Safety Committee, 2002). However, there has been growing concern about the safety of these operations.
By 2003 that percentage had risen to 136 percent.12 Often, much of a company's value comes from its people, ideas, processes, and other intangible assets.
2003 Survey and Analysis of EMS Scope of Practice and Practice Settings Impacting EMS Services in Rural America: Executive Brief and Recommendations.
The Development of 9-1-1. [Online]. Available: http://www.nena.org/PR_Pubs/Devel_of_911.htm [accessed September 28, 2004].
In 2004, 9-1-1 call centers fielded approximately 200 million emergency calls, including medical, police, fire, and other calls.
As is evident from the Mears (2004) survey, a strong plurality of EMS systems nationwide is fire department–based.
Franks PE, Kocher N, Chapman S. 2004.
30 Mihir Desai, Fritz C. Foley, and James R. Hines, "Foreign Direct Investment and the Domestic Capital Stock," American Economic Review Papers and Proceedings 95(2), 2005, at 33-38.
In an effort to coordinate the efforts of these various components of the federal bureaucracy, Congress established a Federal Interagency Committee on Emergency Medical Services (FICEMS) in 2005.
2005 Enacted Millions of Dollars
12 Carol Corrado, Charles Hulton, and Daniel Sichel, "Intangible Capital and Economic Growth," Finance and Economics Discussion Series, Federal Reserve Board Working Paper, 2006-4, Table 2.
Baker and colleagues (2006) found that crashes in darkness represented 48 percent of all crashes and 68 percent of all fatal crashes.
Nonetheless, the research indicates that United States-headquartered global companies already had relatively high average corporate tax rates as of 2007, when the corporate tax rates of non-United States global companies were still declining.
20, 2007), Doc 2007-27866, 2007 TNT 246-31 . As noted in the text, effective marginal tax rates are more relevant to the level of investment than to the location choices of global firms.
27, 2008 at 6, available at http://www.ciol.com/News/News-Reports/Weak-economy-to-sap-handset-market-growth/27808109633/0/0.
32 Robert J. Shapiro and Aparna Mathur, "The Economic Benefits of Provisions Allowing United States Multinational Companies to Defer United States Corporate Tax on their Foreign Earnings and the Costs to the United States Economy of Repealing Deferral" (June 2009).
United States-based financial services companies represent 20 percent of the 140 Fortune Global 500 companies that were headquartered in the United States in 2009.
These 2009 shifts by Japan and the United Kingdom are the latest developments in a trend away from worldwide taxation.
These studies found a home-country positive effect from foreign direct investment not only in the case of United States companies, but also in studies of Australian, Canadian, and German companies.35 For example, a 2009 study by Harvard Business School Profs.
314, Doc 2009-21147, or 2009 TNT 202-8 . United States-headquartered global companies pay a little more than half of the total United States corporate income taxes.
36 Desai, Foley, and Hines, 2009, supra note 35.
3 JCT, "Description of Revenue Provisions Contained in the President's Fiscal Year 2010 Budget Proposal, Part Three: Provisions Related to the Taxation of Cross-Border Income and Investment," JCS-4-09 (Sept.
8 Ernst & Young LLP, "Redrawing the Map: Globalization and the Changing World of Business," 2010.
In response to the administration's fiscal 2011 budget proposals, Senate Finance Committee Chair Max Baucus, D-Mont., expressed support for addressing any inappropriate incentives through an overall tax reform effort.
The administration's fiscal 2011 international tax proposals would increase taxes on foreign investment by United States-based businesses by an estimated $122 billion over 10 years.
The developing economies are projected to exceed half of the world's total GDP before 2014. (See Table 1.)
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