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The convention began as a final conclave of the American Railway Union, which opened Tuesday morning, June 15, 1897, in Handel Hall, Chicago.
In 1899 a great faction fight erupted in the ranks of the Socialist Labor Party, pitting a Right Wing against Executive Secretary Henry Kuhn, Party Editor Daniel DeLeon, and their allies in control of the party apparatus.
At the time of its first formal convention in March of 1900, the fledgling SDP claimed more than 4500 members in 226 branches in 25 states -- being particularly strong in the states of Massachusetts, where it elected one mayor and sent two SDP members to the state legislature, and Wisconsin.
A stenographic report was kept of the one Convention of the "Rochester SLP." The DeLeonist SLP regulars held their own 10th Convention of the Socialist Labor Party later in 1900, for which a stenographic report also exists.
The party itself had grown by about 1,000 in the first 9 weeks of 1900, standing at "about 4,500 dues-paying members" at the time of the convention, according to the report of the proceedings.
A tacit truce was maintained between these two Social Democratic Parties throughout the 1900 campaign, and the unlikely ticket of Debs and Harriman -- members of two competing organizations -- held good throughout the fall.
There was a convention of the Chicago-based Social Democratic Party held in January 1901.
In May of 1901 the Springfield SDP had 15 state organizations.
These two tendencies were not finally brought together until the Socialist Unity Convention of July 1901.
Although it was touted as the "First National Convention" of the SPA, it was actually the second national gathering of the party, following the Unity Convention of 1901 which established the organization.
The January 1902 plenum of the National Committee was the first annual gathering of the organization's governing body.
The January 1903 plenum of the National Committee was one of the seminal events in the history of the early Socialist Party.
The 1903 plenum also established the principle of non-interference between economic (trade union) and political (SPA) arms of the American working class movement, vowing non-intervention in union affairs and maintaining strict separation of unions from the party's national conventions.
The meeting also set the date and location of the 1904 party convention for Chicago, to begin May 1, 1904.
16-18, 1904, in a session attended by 4 of the 5 members of the body: Victor Berger, Barney Berlyn, S.M. Reynolds, and John Work.
The 1904 Convention of the Socialist Party of America was attended by 175 delegates representing 33 states and territories.
The Socialist Party moved its National Headquarters to 180 Washington St, Chicago, effective May 1, 1908.
Due to a post office numbering change, on April 1, 1911, the address for SPA National Headquarters was changed to 205 W Washington Street, Chicago.
Following his forced resignation veteran agitator John M. Work assumed the National Secretary position on September 1, 1911.
In the summer of 1911 National Executive Secretary J. Mahlon Barnes was forced out due to sexual ethics scandal.
The Indianapolis Convention of 1912 proved to be the largest party gathering ever held by the SPA. It was attended by 287 voting delegates and 8 non-voting delegates, representing 47 states plus the District of Columbia and 7 of the party's foreign language groups.
In the aftermath of the 1912 National Convention, the party was governed by annual meetings of the National Committee, which itself elected the five member National Executive Committee in place of membership referendum.
The NC found the party facing a deep $25,000 debt as a result of its overspending on the 1912 Debs Presidential campaign and its financially unsuccessful Lyceum Bureau (Speakers' Department).
The December 1914 plenum of the NEC revisited the controversy in the Finnish Federation.
According to a special English-language edition of Sosialisti published in January 1915, this directive to reinstate expelled members of the faction was ignored by the right wing executive body of the Finnish Federation.
The Committee also set rules and an agenda for the forthcoming annual session of the National Committee, to be held in Chicago starting May 9, 1915.
All 17 constitutional alterations proposed by the NC at its 1915 meeting were ratified by the party membership by large margins, with the balloting closing in August 1915 and the provisions becoming effective in October.
NEC member James Maurer was appointed a committee of 1 to take up the matter with the Secretary of the Lithuanian Federation and to report back to the NEC at its next physical meeting, which he did on December 21, 1915.
The gathering voted to hold the 1916 convention of the party in Chicago starting the first Sunday after the first Monday in June 1916 [June 4]. The meeting of the National Committee for 1916 was thereby dispensed with.
The NEC was authorized to draft the platform for 1916 by the same referendum, this proposition passing by a margin of 9,775 to 5,186.
The January 6-7, 1917 plenum of the National Executive Committee received a lengthy report on the state of the organization from Executive Secretary Adolph Germer.
The ballot containing both reports (Referendum B-1917) went out to the membership on May 5, 1917 and was submitted to Local Secretaries by June 24, with final voting submitted to the National Office by Independence Day, the 4th of July.
At a convention held October 3-4, 1917, the National Party was established.
1917; the NEC rushed the timetable for an Convention so that a more timely gathering could be held.
The Conference began Saturday, June 21 and ran through Monday, June 24, 1919 in New York City.
Dues were raised by the 1919 convention to 50 cents per month, of which 10 cents was to go to the National Office, 15 cents to the State Office, and 25 cents to be retained at the local level to conduct the party's work.
The 1920 convention also voted to again bring the Young People's Socialist League under party control.
The 1921 Convention of the Socialist Party, opened at Northeastern High School in Detroit, was attended by 39 delegates, representing 22 states, and 6 fraternal delegates.
A 1922 Congressional Program was not acted upon by the Convention, but was referred to the National Executive Committee.
1, 1924, resignation of Otto Branstetter as Executive Secretary, who called himself "tired and worn out," and named Assistant Executive Secretary Bertha Hale White as Executive Secretary of the party.
On a motion or Morris Hillquit, a Special Convention of the Socialist Party was called to meet in Chicago on in February 1925, as well.
1932: JOY Hosiery, precursor of DEB Shops, opens in Philadelph ia.
Wilno Hedman, "Finnish Branch Celebrates 30th Year," The New Leader, April 29, 1933, pg.
The New York situation came before the NEC at its meeting in Boston, apparently late in 1934.
The first day of the session heard a report of new Executive Secretary of the SPA, Roy E. Burt, who replaced Clarence O. Senior effective December 15, 1936.
A two day meeting of the NEC in Philadelphia early in 1936 resolved the festering situation in New York State, when by a vote of 8-2 the NEC resolved to pull the charter from the Socalist Party of New York and to reorganize the state.
The NEC then ordered a re-registration of all party members, to take place from June 1 to July 15, 1937, during which time the 15 cent special assessment was to be held in abeyance.
Marvin Rounick, Philip’s son, joined the company in 1961.
In 1965 War ren Weiner, Aaron's son, came on board.
Martin Simon, who was 72 when he sold his company to Deb, had started his book business around 1980 by selling used books to department stores.
1982: Sales are $70 million; the company has 121 stores.
Accord ingly, in 1983 the company started selling basic as well as trendy ju nior clothing.
Within two years, customers at DEB stor es, while still concentrated in a 13 to 25 age group, ranged in age u p to 40, and sales in 1985 increased to $147.1 million.
As Willard Brown, an analyst with First Albany, told Chain Store Age Executive in a 1986 article, "Every top is coordinated with every pair of pants; and if you buy the top and pants, then they have a handbag that goes with them, too.
During 1988, Deb expanded beyond the Midwest, opening stores in Washington, Oregon, and California, an d ended the year with 316 stores in operation.
Inventories arr ived at the stores twice a week and store displays were changed each week. As a result of cost cutting, although sal es for 1988 were down 2 percent to $194 million, earnings increas ed 15 percent to $13.7 million.
In 1993, Deb introduced its private-label credit card, which also ser ved as a mechanism to contact customers by direct mail.
In January 1996, there were 10 Tops 'N Bottoms stores in four states.
By April 1996, the company expected to introduce plus sizes into one-third of their stores.
The fact that the company was debt-free and had over $51 million in cash at the beginning of 1996 gave it some measure of flexibility and staying power as it made its changes.
Deb Shops acquired nine of the bankrupt chain's stores in February 1998.
Deb Shops launched a web site in January 1999.
By fiscal 1999, net income was up to $2 4.5 million on sales of $270 million.
It opened 23 new sto res in 2001, though the annual pace soon slacked off to half that.
Belden, Tom, "Philadelphia Retailer Deb Shops Under Fire for Stock Options Plan," Philadelphia Inquirer, May 30, 2003.
By 2005, there were 314 DEB stores, mostly in the East and Midwest; 140 of these offered plus-sized clothing, and 17 of the DEB stores had Tops 'N Bottoms departments.
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