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At its inception in 1956, ASA® was created to solve one fundamental social problem—college was only for those who could afford it.
The 1956 Orphans Educational Assistance Act expanded eligibility to include education benefits for spouses and widows of service-connected disabled or deceased veterans.
The National Defense Education Act of 1958 provided low-interest loans for college students, with debt cancellation for those who became teachers after graduation.
In purchasing power (constant dollars), the total amount of aid available to students has grown more than 15-fold since 1963-64, largely because of an expanding federal investment.
The final section briefly examines the interaction between veterans' education benefits and federal student aid benefits authorized under the Higher Education Act of 1965 (HEA), as amended.
As in 1965, tuition tax credit proposals had built up another head of steam in Congress.
The 1966 Veterans Readjustment Benefits Act provided education benefits, home and farm loans, employment counseling and placement services for Vietnam Veterans.
Issues of quality control surfaced in the next HEA reauthorization debate; Congress may have had second thoughts about some of the educational options that had been legitimized in 1972.
Congress made a further point in the 1972 legislation by substituting the term "postsecondary education" for "higher education" and broadening the range of options available to students.
And the 1972 law established the Student Loan Marketing Association (Sallie Mae) as a publicly chartered private corporation to increase liquidity and capital availability in the GSL program.
INDIAN SELF-DETERMINATION AND EDUCATION ASSISTANCE ACT. Signed into law on 4 January 1975, this legislation completed a fifteen-year period of policy reform with regard to American Indian tribes.
The 1976 Post Vietnam Era Veterans Assistance Program was the first program requiring a payment contribution from military personnel while they were on active duty.
The 1976 amendments provided federal incentives for states to establish loan guarantee agencies.
In an off-year of the reauthorization cycle, but under pressure for some kind of response to the perceived middle-income squeeze in financing college costs, Congress passed the Middle Income Student Assistance Act (MISAA) of 1978.
The pressure to expand financial aid for the middle class continued through the HEA reauthorization of 1980.
The 1980 legislation also created offshoots of the GSL program providing supplemental borrowing opportunities for parents of dependent undergraduate students and for students who were financially independent of their parents.
Family income has generally remained flat and has been far outpaced by tuition increases, which at both public and private four-year institutions have averaged at least twice the rate of inflation since 1980.
Loan volume shot up again after the 1986 HEA reauthorization.
The changes in need analysis enacted in 1992 have produced another expansion in middle-income eligibility, inflating officially recognized need by several billion dollars.
A year later, in fact, President Clinton won Congressional passage of the Student Loan Reform Act of 1993, altering the way student loans are financed, originated, serviced, and repaid.
4 For a more extensive discussion of indicators relating to the effectiveness of student aid, see Lawrence E. Gladieux and Arthur M. Hauptman, The College Aid Quandary: Access, Quality, and the Federal Role, The Brookings Institution and The College Board, forthcoming 1995.
In 2000, about half of the bureau's total obligations to tribes took the form of self-determination contracts or bloc grants.
Researchers at Umea University studied 15,000 people across 25 countries every two years since 2002 and found when countries support greater educational attainment, their citizens are happier and healthier.
With the change in the Federal Family Education Loan Program (FFELP) in 2010, ASA’s advocacy efforts evolved again.
ASA at the 2018 HACU Conference
"Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act ." Dictionary of American History. . Retrieved December 28, 2021 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/indian-self-determination-and-education-assistance-act
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