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First Chinese Presbyterian Home Attendant Corp history
First Chinese Presbyterian Home Attendant Corp company history timeline
In 1802, Eliphalet Nott (inventor, educational pioneer and long-time President of Union College) was installed as minister of First Presbyterian.
Upon the death of Alexander Hamilton in 1804, Nott delivered a powerful sermon condemning the practice of dueling.
These three congregations continued until 1809 as one parish with a collegiate ministry, and it was not until that date that the Presbytery of New York enrolled them separately, each with its own minister.
The influence of the dissenters was sufficient for the War to be called “the Presbyterian rebellion.” The Reverend John Rodgers, pastor of the Wall Street Church from 1765 until 1811, was a zealous patriot, and many of male members of the congregation served in the Continental Army.
In 1811 the structure on Wall Street that still housed “Old First” was found to be structurally compromised, and it was totally rebuilt.
In 1815, members of the congregation established the city’s first free schools, later expanded into the New York Public School System.
In 1830, an actual choir was established to “stand and sing with musical instruments to assist their voice in keeping tone and time.” The choir was accompanied by violins and flutes.
Close by on the west side of Mercer Street near Waverly Place was the Mercer Street Presbyterian Church, founded on October 8, 1835.
Form of admission, 1835
Charles A. Briggs was born in New York City on January 15, 1841.
They secured lots on the southeast corner of University Place and 10th Street and dedicated the church building in 1845.
The slips [pews] are of black walnut of native growth, most beautifully and tastefully carved.… The ceiling is formed by a system (if it may be so called) of groined arches, with intersecting ribs and pendants forming the keystone of this massive structure.” (January 12, 1846).
As the congregation grew larger, a lot was purchased on the corner of Hudson and Philip Streets upon which to build a third church edifice in 1847.
Opened to the public on March 10th, 1850, the sanctuary was “filled to capacity and large numbers of people were unable to gain admittance.”
Young Men’s Association constitution, report, and directory, 1859
Most wanted the Assembly to order Union to remove Briggs, a power the Assembly had by the Compact of 1870 which had adjoined Union to other Presbyterian seminaries.
Between the depression of 1873 and the First World War, many of the time-honored suppositions were being questioned.
The most comprehensive published resource is J. McCluskey Blayney, History of the First Presbyterian Church of Albany (Albany 1877).
First Pres, current building just after completion in 1884
Charles H. Parkhurst, the crusading pastor of The Madison Square Church, successfully challenged Tammany Hall and the corrupt city government in the 1890’s.
By November of 1891 a trial had started.
At the same time, the Midwestern Presbyteries in 1891 put pressure on the New York Presbytery to bring a heresy charge against Briggs.
In April of 1892 the Presbytery of Cincinnati petitioned the General Assembly to take action against Briggs.
1892: Charles H. ParkhurstWithin the same decade two other Presbyterian churches were established in the affluent neighborhood: the University Place church at Tenth Street and University Place and the Madison Square church a Twenty-fourth Street and Madison Avenue.
The following year, 1893, saw Parkhurst broadening his attack, moving beyond the identification of the individual saloons, brothels and gambling houses, to making corrupt politicians the object.
In 1897, critic Montgomery Schuyler praised “the dignity and churchliness” of Cady’s convenient, theater-like plans.
Traditionalists, later known as Fundamentalists, adopted a five-point declaration at the 1910 General Assembly that all candidates for ordination had to affirm.
Meanwhile, Union separated from the Presbyterian Church over this case and retained Briggs as professor until his death in 1913.
In the center arch is a magnificent Adirondack view of Lake Luzerne (1914), the first work by Tiffany installed in the building.
Mount of Olives, Strong Memorial Window, Tiffany Studios 1915
Angel Gabriel, Morgan Memorial Window, Tiffany Studios 1916
At Fosdick’s first parish, the Montclair (NJ) Baptist Church, he had preached a sermon, “Things Worth Fighting For.” He later called it “atrocious.” His 1917 book, The Challenge of the Present Crisis, defended war.
The first service of the combined churches was held November 3, 1918, with Doctor Charles Parkhurst of Madison Square Presbyterian Church preaching.
1918: The Merger of Three ChurchesBut at the beginning of the twentieth century the wealth that had supported the three churches was moving on north once again, this time up Fifth Avenue.
Old First was closed in the summer of 1918 in order to prepare it for its role as the home of the consolidated church.
1919: Harry Emerson FosdickFirst Church was again in the news when Harry Emerson Fosdick, a central figure in the “Fundamentalist-Modernist Controversy” of the time, filled its pulpit in the position of “preaching minister.” He preached that science and faith were not incompatible.
By the spring of 1919 it had become evident that First Presbyterian was too small to accommodate the crowds that had come to attend service.
In the summer of 1921 Fosdick visited missions in China and Japan.
The Philadelphia Presbytery met on October 16, 1922, in a special session.
In 1922, Fosdick preached a sermon with the title, “Shall the Fundamentalists Win?” It was a reasoned espousal of the view that science had a place beside faith.
A tremendous controversy ensued, with Fundamentalists within the Presbyterian Church, led by William Jennings Bryan, calling for Fosdick’s removal at the General Assembly of 1923.
In 1923, J. Gresham Machen’s book Christianity and Liberalism was published, adding fuel to the fire.
At the General Assembly of 1924, Clarence Macartney was elected moderator and he chose as his vice moderator William Jennings Bryan.
Fosdick’s last sermon at First Church was on March 1, 1925.
The next year, however, he petitioned successfully, and he left First Church in 1925.
Charles R. Erdman, a professor of practical theology at Princeton was elected Moderator of the General Assembly of 1925.
The third Tiffany window, of Christ blessing the children, was given by Doctor Albert van der Veer in 1928 in memory of his wife and their three children who died in childhood.
In 1929 the General Assembly approved a reorganization of the governing boards of Princeton Theological Seminary.
Machen refused and in 1935 he left the Presbyterian Church and formed, with some of his most militant followers, the Orthodox Presbyterian Church.
Returning to Fosdick, in 1935 he preached a sermon at The Riverside Church called “The Church Must Go Beyond Modernism.”
SERIES I: FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK, 1717-1954
Carl E. Hatch, in his 1969 book The Charles A. Briggs Heresy Trial, lists three main factors that stand out as transforming American Protestant theology: Darwin’s theory of biological evolution, Higher Criticism, and the study of comparative religion.
In September 1998, officials from the mayor’s office, Department of Homeless Services, the Fifth Avenue Business Improvement District and the NYPD convened a meeting with representatives of Fifth Avenue and St Thomas Church.
In 1998, Fifth Avenue’s befriending ministry began—a ministry that included comfort and assistance to the men and women who slept overnight on the steps and surrounding sidewalks of the church.
2001: 9/11 Jon M. Walton, who followed Shepherd as pastor, preached his first sermon at First Church on Sunday, September 9, 2001.
In December 2001, when the police began forcibly removing people from our sidewalks and steps, the church obtained a restraining order and, soon after, a preliminary injunction from a federal judge.
The First Presbyterian Church in the City of New York celebrated its three hundredth birthday in 2016.
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