Private Care & High Tech Nursing history

By 1925, the American hospital had become an institution whose goals were recovery and cure to be achieved by the efforts of professional personnel and increasing medical technology.

Amendments to the 1947 Taft-Hartley Act ended the exemption of nonprofit hospitals from coverage by the National Labor Relations Act.

The American Nurses Association (ANA) desegregated in 1949, one of the first national professional associations to do so.

American nurse service in Vietnam began in 1956 when three Army Nurse Corps nurses were placed on temporary duty assignment with the United States Military Assistance Advisory Group.

Beginning its work in 1961, the Surgeon General’s Consultant Group on Nursing comprised of leaders in nursing, hospital administration, and medicine as well as members of the public, analyzed problems facing the nursing profession and proposed solutions.

The 1964 Nurse Training Act, the most comprehensive nursing legislation in American history to date, passed with wide Congressional support.

Moreover, Medicare and Medicaid, established in 1965, provided money for the care of the aged and the poor, respectively.

Medicine and Nursing in the 1970’s: A Position Statement addressed six areas including the supply of nurses, expanded roles for nurses, nursing education, hospital nursing service, the health care team, and nurse-physician collaboration.

The National Black Nurses Association (NBNA) formed in 1971 as a parallel organization to the ANA.

The Task Force on Affirmative Action convened in 1972 to develop and implement a program to rectify inequities experienced by minority nurses.

The 1973 report included a list of six objectives designed to increase the American Nurses Association’s attention to minority nurses concerns as well as improve the Association’s communication, programs, and activities to maximize involvement of black and other minority nurses in the association.

The 1975 act added funds for nurse practitioner programs and mandated a study of the supply and distribution of nurses for use as a guide for future legislation.

Signing this act reversed an earlier stand taken by President Carter when he vetoed the 1978 Nurse Training Act amendments.

The Kellogg Foundation ceased commission funding in 1980.

In 1981, the organization changed its name to the National Federation for Specialty Nursing Organizations.

Rosemary Stevens, “ ‘A Poor Sort of Memory’: Voluntary Hospitals and Government before the Depression,” The Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly, Health and Society 60 (1982): 558.

Medicare incorporated a prospective payment system in 1983, with federal programs paying a preset amount for a specific diagnosis in the form of Diagnostic Related Groups, or DRGs.

Starr, The Social Transformation of American Medicine; Charles E. Rosenberg, The Care of Strangers: The Rise of America’s Hospital System(Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987).

Some of the larger not-for-profit corporations have bailed out public facilities through lease arrangements, such as the one between the Daughters of Charity’s Seton Medical Center and the public Brackenridge Hospital in Austin, Texas, that occurred in 1995.

The technology is considered to be safe, it ensures quality options, cost containment, and control over practice standards is maintained (Hudson, 2007). Innovation of technology such as telephones and cameras have also greatly improved.

Leaders and management must embrace and model innovation and cultivate a culture of innovation (Melnyk & Davidson, 2009). They must set out a clear vision and communicate the goal to set the culture.

Power, J. A. (2013). Courage and medical innovation: The nurses of world war one.

Baril, C., Gascon, V., & Brouillette, C. (2014). Impact of technological innovation on a nursing home performance and on the medication-use process safety.

Jeon, E., & Park, H. (2015). Nursing intervention using smartphone technologies; A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The adoption of technology in health care is moving in a direction that all nurses, including entry level nurses, are required to have strong ICT skills in order to provide safe quality nursing care in the 21st century health care system (Chauvette & Paul, 2016).

Primary data sources are those which are being collected for the first time by the researcher through direct efforts and experience (Surbhi, 2017). Primary data can also be referred to as raw data, as it is collected specifically for a research problem.

LoBiondo-Wood et al. (2018) mentioned that peer reviewed journals are the preferred mode of communicating the most recent theory or results of research.

Lastly, for an innovation to stick it requires reinvention, which is the extent to which it can be tweaked for different environments (ICN, 2019). To facilitate an environment of innovation, one must start from the top.

© 2020 Canadian Journal of Nursing Informatics.