Zolla history

The senior Zola died in 1847, leaving Madame Zola and her young son in dire financial straits.

At the same time, the weight of historical moment is shown by limiting the action of the novels to one historical period, that of the Second Empire (1852–70), which was the reign of Napoleon III, the nephew and pale imitation of Napoleon Bonaparte.

Although Zola completed his schooling at the Lycée Saint-Louis in Paris, he twice failed the baccalauréat exam, which was a prerequisite to further studies, and in 1859 he was forced to seek gainful employment.

In 1865 Zola published his first novel, La Confession de Claude (Claude’s Confession), a sordid, semiautobiographical tale that drew the attention of the public and the police and incurred the disapproval of Zola’s employer.

In the following years Zola continued his career in journalism while publishing two novels: Thérèse Raquin (1867), a grisly tale of murder and its aftermath that is still widely read, and Madeleine Férat (1868), a rather unsuccessful attempt at applying the principles of heredity to the novel. It was this interest in science that led Zola, in the fall of 1868, to conceive the idea of a large-scale series of novels similar to Honoré de Balzac’s La Comédie humaine (The Human Comedy), which had appeared earlier in the century.

In 1870 Zola married Gabrielle-Alexandrine Meley, who had been his companion and lover for almost five years, and the young couple assumed the care of Zola’s mother.

In La Terre (1887; Earth) Zola breaks with the tradition of rustic, pastoral depictions of peasant life to show what he considered to be the sordid lust for land among the French peasantry.

Zola died unexpectedly in September 1902, the victim of coal gas asphyxiation resulting from a blocked chimney flue.

In 1940, Laborer and Co Partner were the top reported jobs for men and women in the USA named Zolla.

Years later, in 1953, a letter to a French newspaper claimed that Zola had been murdered by an anti-Dreyfusard stove-fitting contractor while the roof of the house next door was being mended.

222–224). In his reconstruction of the image of the Indian in American literature, which Zolla made in his celebrated book, The Writer and the Shaman (1968), he approached the categories from the point of view of the Native American.

Zolla became professor emeritus in American literature at the University of Rome after he retired in 1991.