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This question is about employer.
Yes, an employer can keep a copy of your social security card for their records. Often, employers use social security card copies for purposes related to income tax reporting, background checks, and proving eligibility to work in the U.S.
When you start a new job, it is a standard process for your employer to ask for documentation that verifies your identity and authorization to work. This is typically done by filling out Form I-9, Employment Eligibility Verification. One such document that can be used for this purpose is your social security card.
While an employer can keep a copy of your social security card, they are also responsible for keeping this information confidential. They should have measures in place to protect your personal data. If you have concerns about privacy or identity theft, it is perfectly reasonable to ask how this information will be stored and who will have access to it.
Additionally, you should be aware that an employer cannot force you to show your social security card if other acceptable documents are available. According to U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS), employees can present any List A document OR a combination of one List B and one List C document. The social security card falls under List C.

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