Are references needed on a resume?

No, references are not needed on a resume. In fact, in general, it is recommended to not include references on a resume. There is only so much space you have on a resume, and you do not want to waste any part of it with a long list of potential contacts.

Most likely, businesses do not have plans to contact references, and if they are the type that does want to contact references, you can always add a line that says "References available upon request." If you write that, be sure to have references in mind with contact information available to provide if they are requested.