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This question is about jobs.
An ex-employer can give out a variety of different information about you. There are no federal laws restricting what information an employer can relay to others regarding their former employees.
Former employers can not give out highly sensitive information, such as your Social Security Number, or another similar item; however, they can disclose information concerning:
Details about your job performance while you were under employment there
Responsibilities you had
Your professional conduct while working for the organization
While there are no federal laws regarding what your former employer can say about you, some states do have laws in place that restrict what an employer can't and can say about a former employee.
In certain states, employers can badmouth with seeming impunity. Although this is the case, many former employers are very cautious in terms of how they speak about former employees. This is because they want to avoid any liabilities, like:
A possible lawsuit
Bad employer reviews on public job sites
Gaining the reputation of being an employer that speaks ill of its former employees
It is also often frowned upon to speak badly of former employees, unless the employee was a particularly poor worker. Even then, many might see this more as some sort of bias, rather than a legitimate assessment of the former employee.

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